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What is CB (Citizen Band)?
Section Civil radio communications. In English - Citizen Band, in Russian - civil radio communication band (from 26.970 MHz to 27.850 MHz). In Russia, radio communication in the CB band was allowed in 1988. It assumes the presence of 2 or more radio stations providing communication in the simplex mode (pressed - speak, released - listen). Permissible types of radio frequency modulation: Amplitude -AM, Frequency -FM, single-sideband -SSB (upper sideband - USB, lower sideband -LSB). Permitted transmitter power: for FM - carrier power no more than 10 W, AM and SSB peak power no more than 10 W ... >>
Small metal detector
Section Metal detectors. A small-sized metal detector can detect nails, screws, metal fittings hidden in the walls at a distance of several centimeters. The metal detector uses a traditional detection method based on the operation of two generators, the frequency of one of which changes when the device approaches a metal object. A distinctive feature of the design is the absence of home-made winding parts. The winding of an electromagnetic relay is used as an inductor. ... >>
Laser-iron technology for the manufacture of printed circuit boards
Section Ham Radio Technologies. The original method of significantly reducing the time spent on the manufacture of a printed circuit board. I recall with horror how, before buying a laser printer, I assembled the circuit I liked, or didn’t assemble it, because, having estimated how long it would take to wire the board on a sheet of paper, and then painting it all with a drawing pen with paint on getinax, I often refused such an undertaking. LUT is not simple, but very simple, the lion's share of the time spent on manufacturing a printed circuit board has sunk into oblivion. Now it is enough to run the board layout program, add details in it, trace and print the finished result. ... >>
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Articles with reference materials
Articles with reference materials; diagrams with reference materials; descriptions with reference materials: 339 articles
- SMD components. Electrolytic capacitors for surface mounting. Code marking
- SMD components. Surface mount component housings
- SMD components. Surface Mount Enclosures
- SMD components. Continuous numbering of the most popular cases
- SMD transistors
- SMD elements. Diodes Incorporated's Guide to SMD Elements: Diodes, Bridges, Transistors
- American coaxial cables
- Analogues of miniature galvanic cells (nomograms)
- Analogues of domestic and imported microcircuits
- Analog-to-digital converters VT7106 and VT7107
- High-speed high-voltage optocoupler 80 ns/3000 V
- Vacuum luminescent indicators for measuring equipment ILTs1-6/7L and ILTs1-7/8LV
- Vacuum luminescent indicators ILTs1-1/7, ILTs2-1/7, ILTs1-1/9
- Vacuum luminescent indicators ILTs5-5/7L, ILTs7-5/7LV
- Vacuum luminescent indicator IVLSHU1-11/2
- Vacuum luminescent indicator ILD1-M
- Vacuum luminescent indicator ILTs1-5/7M
- Vacuum luminescent indicator ILTs1-6/7M
- Mains voltage and frequency values in the countries of the world
- TDA88xx series video processors
- Turning on low-voltage electrolytic capacitors
- Ballast Capacitor Selection
- High Voltage Rectifier Diodes
- Frequency divider generator KR512PS10
- Reed switches
- Low frequency loudspeaker heads
- Flat Diaphragm Speaker Heads (LF, MF, HF and NR)
- Loudspeaker heads mid-range and high-frequency
- Wide range loudspeaker heads
- Two circuits of simple swept frequency generators
- Double Balance Mixer SA612A
- Dual Chip Light Emitting Diodes
- Drivers for automotive speakers
- Dinistors
- Diode assembly KD638AS
- Diodes domestic
- Schottky diodes of the KDSh2964 series
- Units of measurement used in electrical and electronic engineering
- Liquid crystal indicators
- Foreign integrated low frequency amplifiers
- Protective microassemblies ZA-0, ZA-1
- Sound self-diagnosis of the computer when turned on
- Production of fuses for any current
- Imported radioelements
- Switching buck regulators
- Fixed inductance series EC24
- inductance. Code marking
- inductance. Color coding
- Integrated switches: parameters, application
- Integrated circuits of foreign countries and their analogues produced in the USSR
- Integrated voltage regulators 78хх, 79хх, 78Lxx,79Lxx, LMxxx
- Infrared photodiodes
- K1464CA1 - two voltage comparators with open collector output
- Foreign coaxial cables
- Domestic coaxial cables
- Domestic coaxial cables RK100-7-11 - RK100-7-21
- Domestic coaxial cables RK50-0.6-21 - RK50-2-26
- Domestic coaxial cables RK50-11-11 - RK50-44-17
- Domestic coaxial cables RK50-3-11 - RK50-4-111
- Domestic coaxial cables RK50-7-11 - RK50-9-23
- Domestic coaxial cables RK75-1-11 - RK75-3-22
- Domestic coaxial cables RK75-4-11 - RK75-7-22
- Domestic coaxial cables RK75-9-12 - RK75-44-17
- Domestic coaxial cables. General information
- Contour coils of imported radio receivers. Color coding
- Coils on carbonyl rings
- Buttons
- AMIDON ring magnetic cores
- Switching elements of foreign production
- Compact discs: technologies and standards
- Complementary power transistors of the KT8115, KT8116 series
- Complementary transistors KT529A and KT530A
- Complimentary transistors of the KT6116 and KT6117 series
- High voltage aluminum capacitors for power electronics
- Capacitors with organic dielectric
- Capacitors. Tolerances
- Capacitors. Code marking
- Capacitors. Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance (TKE)
- Capacitors. Color coding
- Contour coils of imported radios
- Silicon photodiodes
- Laboratory autotransformers of the TDGC2 and TSGC2 series
- Luminescent lamps. Part 1
- Luminescent lamps. Part 2
- Ultraviolet lamps
- Linear microwave transistors for power amplifiers
- Magnetic materials and magnetic circuits for switching power supplies
- Small-sized relays with sealed contacts
- Small-sized DC electromagnetic relays
- Low-power field-effect transistor KP214A9
- Labeling capacitors and resistors
- Marking of domestic diodes
- Microcontrollers 8-bit with USB interface for LCD and CRT monitors ST72774/ST72754/ST72734
- Microcontrollers of popular families
- TS3V339 Series Micro Power Comparators
- Micropower optocoupler for AC circuits 5P32E
- Chip K174UR7
- Chip KR1182PM1 - phase power regulator
- Chip KXA058 - FM path
- LCD control IC INF8577CN
- Microcircuit voltage stabilizers of wide application
- LinkSwich chips for building AC / DC converters
- SPST Chips: Maxim MAX4706 and MAX4707 Analog Switches
- Chips for wireless data transmission
- Chips for wireless communication from TELECONTROLLI
- Chips for household equipment M24C128, M24C256, M24C32, M24C64, M24C16, TDA7318,TDA7309,TDA7313
- ICs for protecting lithium batteries
- Chips for identification systems
- Chips for data transmission over a radio channel
- Chips for TV equipment ST63140, ST63142, ST63126, ST63156
- Chips for digital frequency synthesizers KF1015PLZA, KF1015PLZB
- Chips K155IE6 and K155IE7
- Chips K174KN1, K174KN2
- Chips K174XA2 and K174UR3
- Chips KR142EN12
- MC34118 multifunctional microcircuits for telephone sets
- Domestic microcircuits and their foreign analogues
- Domestic microcircuits. Conventional notation system
- STMICROELECTRONICS memory chips
- Memory chips and their analogues
- XILINX FPGA Chips: VIRTEX Series
- LM7001 Series Chips for Frequency Synthesizer
- Microcircuits of the K1197EN series
- Microcircuits of the K174 series
- Microcircuits of the KR142EN17 series - voltage stabilizers
- Voltage stabilizer chips
- Microcircuits universal analog programmable: choice of elementary functional units
- SAMSUNG flash memory chips
- Microcircuits. ROHM AC/DC modules
- Microcircuits. AC/DC converters RHOM
- Microcircuits. DVD Processors ESS ES4318, ES4408, ES4408FD
- Microcircuits. MPEG 2.5 LAYER III audio decoders STA013/013B/013T
- Microcircuits. Switching audio frequency power amplifier TDA8925
- Microcircuits. AN7168 Low Frequency Integrated Amplifier
- Microcircuits. Operational amplifiers
- Microcircuits. Operational amplifiers and their analogues
- Microcircuits. DC voltage converter KR1446PN1E
- Microcircuits. TDA3810 Surround Processors
- Microcircuits. Dual voltage switches KR1184KN1, KR1184KN2, KB1184KN1-4. KB1184KN2-4 for USB interface
- Microcircuits. Voltage stabilizer 1158ENxx
- Microcircuits. Pulse stabilizers 1155EU1. Control scheme
- Microcircuits. SAA7706H Digital Signal Processor for Car Audio
- Microcircuits. Digital Signal Processors TDA755X
- Microphones
- Electret microphones
- Microphones are electret. Switching schemes
- Microphones. Part 1
- Microphones. Part 2
- Worldwide standards for sockets, plugs, voltage and frequency
- Mnemonic LED indicators
- Multi-digit vacuum luminescent indicators ILTs1-4/7M, ILTs3-4/7M
- Multi-digit digital luminescent indicator ILTs9-4/7L
- MC34118 series multifunctional microcircuits for telephone sets
- Powerful rectifier-limiting diodes of the KD2972 series
- Powerful low-voltage microwave transistors for mobile communications
- Powerful field-effect transistors of the KP742 series
- Powerful field effect transistor KP784A
- Chipsets for building Spread Spectrum devices
- Low-voltage power amplifiers KR1438UN2, KB1438UN2-4
- Designation of foreign radio elements
- Designations wire diameter and sheet thickness in foreign publications
- Designations of imported microcircuits
- Designations of imported semiconductor devices
- Unijunction transistors
- Unijunction transistors of the KT133 series
- Operational amplifiers of the KR1446 and KF1446 series
- Optical cables in lightning wire
- Optical communication cables of foreign production
- Optoelectronic relays
- Optocouplers
- AOU115 series optocouplers
- Optocouplers. Part 1
- Optocouplers. Part 2
- The main types of code sequences of modern communication and navigation systems
- The main parameters of disk EMF at a frequency of 500 kHz
- The main parameters of color picture tubes from THOMSON, PHILIPS and NOKIA
- Features of assembly and installation of electrical circuits
- Domestic reed relays
- Domestic thyristors
- Converting AWG to SI
- Current switch KR1055KT1A
- Pyroelectric IR sensors
- Field-effect transistors of the KP504 series
- Field-effect transistors of the KP723 series
- Field-effect transistors of the KP727 series
- Field-effect transistors of the KP737 series
- Semiconductor Voltage Suppressors
- Semiconductor solar panels
- Popular foreign-made connectors
- Converter of low direct voltage into high alternating voltage K1224PN1
- Frequency selectors
- Transceivers for CAN-bus networks
- Medium Power Optoelectronic Solid State Relay Applications
- Working with the KR1182PM1 chip
- Tyco Electronics / AMP MicroCPC Series Connectors
- Connectors car radio Kenwood
- Sony car radio connectors
- Yamaha car radio connectors
- Adjustable voltage stabilizers K1156ER2P and K1156ER2T
- Precision High Stability Resistors PANASONIC
- Zero Resistance Resistors and Jumpers
- Resistors. Code marking
- Resistors. BOURNS code marking
- Resistors. PHILIPS code marking
- Resistors. Non-standard color coding
- Resistors. Color coding
- Resistors. PHILIPS color coding
- Piezoelectric resonators
- Series of resistance and capacitance values
- BOURNS MULTIFUSE resettable fuses
- LED indicators
- LEDs
- Imported LEDs
- Infrared LEDs
- Domestic LEDs (1)
- Domestic LEDs (2)
- Dual high-speed high-voltage optocoupler 80 ns/3000 V 5P18
- Dual high-speed high-voltage optocoupler with TTL output
- Seven-segment and matrix indicators
- Network adapters
- Frequency synthesizers TSA6060
- Modern silicon photodiodes
- Modern fuses
- Compliance with models of TV, video, audio equipment and remote controls BQS
- List of abbreviations and terms used in diagrams
- Ways to terminate the cable in high-frequency connectors
- Voltage stabilizers series KR1158 and KF1158
- Zener diodes and stabistors
- MPEG standards
- Cellular standards
- Arrow indicators
- TV standards
- AC solid state relay 400V/100mA 5P50F
- General Purpose Solid State Relays 230V/10Ω
- AC Solid State Relays 1A/400V
- AC solid state relays 1A/400V 5P20B
- AC Solid State Relays 230V/5ohm
- AC Solid State Relays 400V/100mA 5P50F
- AC Solid State Relays 400 Volt 10 Ohm
- Solid State Relays KR293 Series
- TV standards
- Thyristor switches of KR1125KP2 and KR1125KPZ series
- Thyristors and dinistors
- Symmetrical thyristors
- Conductive compounds
- Trademarks of chip manufacturers
- Transistor assemblies of the KT222 series
- Transistors ICM7555ISA - IRF4905S
- Transistors IRF510 - IRF540S
- Transistors IRF610 - IRF644
- Transistors IRF710 - IRF744
- Transistors IRF820 - IRF840S
- Transistors IRF9510 - IRF9640
- Transistors IRF9Z14 - IRFD420
- Transistors IRFD9014 - IRFIBC40 GLC
- Transistors IRFL014 - IRFP264
- Transistors IRFP344 - IRFP460 LC
- Transistors IRFP9140 - IRFPS37N 50A
- Transistors IRFR010 - IRFUC20
- Transistors IRFZ14 - IRFZ48N
- Transistors IRL2203N - IRLR3103
- Transistors IRLU014 - MTP6NA 60FI
- Transistors P4NA 80FI - VN2222L
- Transistors bipolar and field
- Transistors bipolar and field
- Domestic bipolar transistors
- Foreign transistors
- Field effect transistors
- Field effect transistors 2P101 - KPS203
- Field effect transistors 3P331 - KP350
- Field effect transistors 3P351 - KP364
- Foreign field transistors
- Field effect transistors KP150 - KP640
- Field effect transistors KP301 - KP312
- Field effect transistors KP313 - 3P330
- Field effect transistors KP501 - KP698
- Field effect transistors KP701 - KP730
- Field effect transistors KP731 - KP771
- Field effect transistors KP801 - KP840
- Field effect transistors KP901 - 3P930
- Field effect transistors KP931 - KP948
- Field effect transistors KP951 - KP973
- Domestic field transistors and their foreign analogues
- Field transistors. Application area
- Field transistors. Pairs and assemblies
- Field transistors. Conventions
- Field transistors. Color marking and analogues
- KT6113 series transistors
- KT8156 series transistors
- Transistors. Code marking. Housing KT-26 (TO-92)
- Transistors. Marking. Housing KT-27 (TO-126)
- Transistors. Powerful Microwave Transistors Philips Semiconductors
- Transistors. Color and code marking
- Transistors. Color marking. Housing KT-26 (TO-92)
- Power transformers CCI addition
- Power transformers unified - reference book
- Ultrasonic transducer MUP-1
- Ultrasonic delay lines
- Audio frequency amplifiers EKR1436UN1 and KR1064UN2
- Amplifiers and comparators from MAXIM
- AF power amplifier TDA7384A
- AF power amplifier with diagnostic tools TDA1562Q
- Symbols for SMD transistors
- Ceramic filters
- Piezoceramic filters
- Piezoelectric filters on SAW
- Fluxes, pastes, inks, varnishes
- Photoconverter FTS202
- Photoresistors
- Photorelay on MTX-90
- Phototransistors (1)
- Phototransistors (2)
- Phototransistors (3)
- French coaxial cables
- Chemical power sources
- Diode color coding
- Color marking of imported capacitors
- Color coding of imported resistors
- Capacitor color coding
- Color marking of contour coils of imported radio receivers
- Color marking of domestic semiconductor devices
- Color-coded fixed resistors
- Resistor color coding
- Color coding of zener diodes and stabistors
- Digital frequency synthesizers 1508PL11, 1508PL11A, 1508PL12
- Pinout of common bipolar and field-effect transistors (1)
- Pinout of common bipolar and field-effect transistors (2)
- TV channel frequencies used in Russia
- What is OKS 7?
- Pulse-width controllers of KR1156EU2 and KR1156EUZ series
- Molex Minifit-Jr Electrical Connectors
- Household electric meters
- electrical safety
- DRV-0,1 electric motor in a tape recorder
- Electrodynamic heads and speakers
- Image intensifier tubes
- Surface Mount Electronic Components
- Electronic key K1233KT2
- Japanese bipolar transistors - parameters, replacement
- Japanese coaxial cables
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
New method for creating powerful batteries
08.05.2024
With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>
Alcohol content of warm beer
07.05.2024
Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>
Random news from the Archive Traces of a collision of two super-Earths discovered
02.02.2019
Scientists have discovered traces of an interplanetary cataclysm outside the solar system for the first time. The discovery was made during observations of Kepler 107, a sun-like star located at a distance of 2 light years.
Four exoplanets revolve around this star. Astronomers drew attention to the unusual properties of the second and third of them - respectively, Kepler 107b and Kepler 107c. They are about the same size, each one and a half times the size of the Earth. But the mass is noticeably different. Kepler 107c turned out to be twice as heavy as its neighbor. This indicates the presence of a large, iron-rich core, according to Nature Astronomy.
The current theory says that the most massive planets are located near the star, since their particles are less scattered than light hydrogen and helium. But Kepler 107c is farther from the center than its "lightweight" neighbor.
Scientists have considered several theories to explain this fact, including the migration of the planet. The most likely recognized "space accident." Millions of years ago, two bodies, each about ten times the size of Earth, collided near a star. They were saturated with iron, and their collision could give rise to a new planet, which consisted of 70% of this element. The remains of the rocks, obviously, evaporated during the explosion.
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