Tricks with glass and their solutions. Encyclopedia of tricks

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EFFECTIVE FOCUSES AND THEIR CLUES
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Spectacular tricks and their clues

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

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Turning water into metal 14.02.2024

Water is not a natural conductor of electricity unless it contains impurities that allow current to pass. However, pure water can only become "metallic" under extremely high pressure, which is difficult to reproduce in laboratory conditions.

But a few years ago, researchers discovered that metallicity in pure water can be induced through more than just extreme pressure. The process can be started by combining pure water with an alkali metal such as an alloy of sodium and potassium. In this case, conductivity only lasts for a few seconds, but this is a significant breakthrough for science.

"The phase transition to metallic water can be seen with the naked eye. The silvery drop of sodium and potassium begins to become coated with a golden film, which looks amazing," says physicist Robert Seidel from the Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy in Berlin. Given enough pressure, almost any material can become a conductor, as the theory goes.

The idea is that if atoms are compressed tightly enough, the orbitals of the outer electrons will begin to overlap, allowing them to move. To do this, the water must be subjected to a pressure of about 48 megabars. For example, the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level is 48 million times less.

However, such pressures were created in laboratory conditions, but they were not suitable for studying metallic water. So a team led by organic chemist Pavel Jungwirth of the Czech Academy of Sciences turned to alkali metals.

Such substances easily release their outer electrons, so they can cause the process of electron exchange in clean water under high pressure, but without it.

However, the experiment encountered a serious problem: alkali metals react explosively with water. Researchers found a solution to this problem: instead of adding metal to water, they added water to metal. In a vacuum chamber, the team obtained a drop of sodium-potassium alloy, which is liquid at room temperature. Then a thin film of pure water was applied to the drop.

Upon contact, electrons and metal cations (positively charged ions) were transferred into the water from the alloy. This process not only gave the water a golden color, but also made it conductive, as it would under extreme pressure.

The discovery of the metallic properties of water without extreme pressure opens up new prospects for research in physics and chemistry. This breakthrough could have important practical applications in various fields of science and technology, from the development of new materials to electronics and energy.

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