Japanese bipolar transistors - parameters, replacement. Reference data

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Reference materials

 Comments on the article

Difficulties in replacing failed elements, in particular transistors, in foreign equipment are faced by repairmen and radio amateurs involved in its repair. The problems of replacing Japanese transistors will be discussed in the published article.

In modern household appliances, the widest range of semiconductor devices of various types is used. Bipolar transistors dominate in this regard. Despite the fact that they are produced in large quantities by the electronic industry of dozens of countries in Europe, America and Asia, and in recent years even Africa and Oceania, the proportion of Japanese developments and their use in consumer electronic equipment is higher than all the rest combined. At least this applies to household appliances sold in the CIS.

In Europe and America, the situation may be different. It should be borne in mind that transistors manufactured in other countries have Japanese markings and, accordingly, characteristics. For example, the South Korean company LG - ELECTRONICS (formerly GOLD STAR) often uses the names KTS, KTA, etc., corresponding to the Japanese 2SC, 2SA, etc. on the circuit diagrams of its products. Japanese and Korean markings are often the same on transistor cases.

Most semiconductor corporations in Japan, along with other devices, also produce bipolar transistors. Currently, they include ORIZON DENKI, SANKEN DENKI, SANYO DENKI, SHINDENGEN, TOSHIBA, NEC DENKI, HITACHI, FUJITSU, FUJI DENKI, MATSUSHITA, MITSUBISHI DENKI, ROHM. The information provided by them was included in the directory "THE JAPANESE TRANSISTOR DATA MANUAL", published in Singapore by TECH PUBLICATIONS PTE LTD. The parameters of the transistors indicated in this article are taken mainly from it.

The designations of most transistors comply with JIS, the Japanese Industrial Standard, and are registered with EIAJ, the Electronic Industries Association of Japan. Bipolar transistors are often labeled alphanumerically, such as 2SC780AG. Numbers and letters are divided into four groups: 1 - 2SC, 2 - 780, 3 - A, 4 - G.

The three-digit designation of transistors in group 1 corresponds to:

• 2SA - pn-r, high-frequency;
• 2SB - p-n-p, low-frequency;
• 2SC - npn, high frequency;
• 2SD - n-p-n, low-frequency.

Group 2 denotes the EIAJ registration number (from 11 to 9999).

The letter of group 3 corresponds to the modification (indicates the type of case, noise figure, etc.).

The letter in group 4 indicates the area of ​​application:

• G - for communications;
• D - for products used by NTT Corporation;
• N - for products used by NHK Corporation.

It should be especially emphasized that there are a large number of transistors, the designations of which do not correspond to the above and are installed by the manufacturers themselves. This mainly applies to transistors with built-in resistors, diodes, surface mount, microwave, assemblies and other specialized types. For example, NEC for transistors with built-in resistors with an n-p-n structure uses the designations AA, AB, AC, BA, BB, CE, FA, FB; with the p-n-p structure - AN, AP, AQ, AR, BN, BP, FN, FD, etc. RHOM products are designated DTA, DTB, DTC, DTD. MATSUSHITA transistor assemblies - PU, XN; TOSHIBA - RN, HN, etc.

When working with transistors, it should be borne in mind that their designations in the documentation and on the diagrams differ from the markings on the cases. So, the first two or three characters are often missing in the marking. For example, 2SC3310 - C3310; 2SC3399 - 3399; DTC143 - C143, etc. In addition, on miniature (for surface mounting) transistors, manufacturers mark in the form of various codes (symbols, letters, numbers in various combinations), so it is very difficult to understand them without service documentation.

A group of enclosures registered with a EIAJ and JEDEC (American designation system) has designs and pinouts adopted by many manufacturers (COMMON CONNECTION DIAGRAM). In addition, almost all of them use their own case type designations: SANKEN CONNECTION DIAGRAM, TOSHIBA CONNECTION DIAGRAM, etc.

The failure of transistors in consumer video equipment and other types of equipment for wide use is a fairly common phenomenon, so the specific selection of analogues to replace failed transistors is of no small importance to ensure good operation of the repaired equipment and its reliability. Unlike the developers of electronic equipment, who have complete and accurate information on the use of electronic products, repairmen in our workshops are most often deprived of full-fledged information support. In many cases, they simply replace failed transistors with exactly the same serviceable ones. Buying the most common transistors in large cities has not been a big problem lately. However, transistors that are not commercially available or very expensive often fail. This is where, for the selection of analogues, information is needed on the parameters and pinouts of both replaced and newly installed parts.

The causes of failures in semiconductor devices are mainly related to overloads in power dissipation, current and voltage. The biggest risk group is made up of transistors operating in the output stages of horizontal and vertical scanning of TVs and switching power supplies. For a specific selection of analogues, only the main parameters given in various popular publications and advertising brochures of trading companies are far from always sufficient.

In the tables published here. 1 and 2, according to the author, there is sufficient information for the selection of powerful pulsed bipolar transistors, the main purpose of which is to work in horizontal and vertical scanning units of TVs and monitors, switching power supplies for TVs and VCRs. They are also used as power pulse keys in a wide variety of household appliances. In table. 2 shows information from [2].

(click to enlarge)

The above tables included mainly data on transistors sold on the radio market in Rostov-on-Don in the spring of 1997. Therefore, the listed nomenclature, of course, does not cover even a tenth of the total number of types produced by Japanese firms.

Unfortunately, the reference book mentioned above does not provide complete information about the presence of built-in components (diodes, resistors, etc.) in power pulse transistors. Therefore, in Table. 3 lists transistors with protective diodes between collector and emitter from [2]. However, there is no information there about the presence of protective resistors between the base and emitter and their ratings, therefore, for the most common transistors in Table. Figure 3 shows the resistances directly measured by the VU-15 universal instrument.

It should be noted that the 2SA1186 transistor has a complementary pair 2SC2837. In addition, devices such as 2SD1402, 2SD1403, 2SD1545, 2SD1554, 2SD1555, 2SD1651, 2SD1710, 2SD2331, 2SD2333, S2000AF have a current transfer ratio cutoff frequency of 3 MHz, 2SC4517 - 6 MHz, BU508A and BU508 7DF - 2 MHz, a 2023SC12 (at Uke = 0,2 V and lK = 11 A) and BUT10 AX - XNUMX MHz.

Consider some general approaches to the repair of household appliances associated with the replacement of power bipolar transistors. The degree of complexity of repair in our conditions can be classified as follows:

1. Simple - on the case of a faulty transistor there is a clear marking that uniquely determines its type; such a device is not expensive and is always available for sale.

2. Medium complexity - the desired transistor, although its type is known, very expensive or scarce, at the same time, there is reference information about it in the indicated literature.

3. Complicated - it is impossible to determine the type of transistor or there is no reference information about it, not available in the local market for electronic components.

A description of simple repair cases is hardly interesting to readers, since firms that sell transistors (including radio markets in large cities) constantly have the most popular devices in their assortment, such as 2SC3979, 2SC4517, 2SD1555, 2SD1710, BUT11, BU50B, BU2508, etc. at a price of 1 ...$3

But cases of complex repairs and medium complexity deserve a description, since the lack of the necessary transistors or information on their use delays the repair of the rarest and most expensive types of household appliances for a long time.

First of all, we note that for many reasons, the selection of suitable domestic analogues of powerful pulsed transistors to replace faulty imported ones is not so easy to do. Last but not least, this is due to the lack of suitable domestic transistors in plastic and miniature cases. An exception can be called, perhaps, only transistors in metal cases TO-3, which have domestic counterparts. For example, the devices 1SC2, 1942SC2 listed in Table 3026 can be replaced by KT838A, which has even better parameters [3], and their dimensions and pinouts are completely the same.

Despite the wide variety of types of cases of high-power pulse transistors, many of them have close overall and connecting dimensions, which, subject to certain requirements, allows them to be correctly replaced. On fig. 1 shows the pinouts of the transistors listed in Table. 1 and 2. Various types of housings, similar in connection dimensions, are grouped and shown in one figure. In fact, each case has individual characteristics. However, for the choice of analogs, this does not matter much. It is only important to consider whether the transistor is completely isolated, whether it has an insulating sleeve in the mount, or whether the transistor collector is electrically connected to the heat sink plate of the case.

Let's pay attention to some typical cases of replacing transistors with different cases. For example, a faulty device is made in an insulated case, an analog is not insulated, but has a plastic sleeve in the mount. Here it is enough to install a mica or fluoroplastic gasket under the transistor case. Additional insulation of the fastening screw is required for analogues without an insulating sleeve. In a situation where a faulty transistor in an uninsulated case is replaced with a "plastic" one, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of heat removal, since the crystal temperature of insulated transistors under the same conditions will be higher than that of their "metal" counterparts.

Other nuances that arise during replacement, such as the short length of the leads, etc., are of little importance during repairs and are easily overcome. The main problem, however, is the choice of analogues with the required electrical parameters. However, it should be noted that, despite the large number of manufactured types of transistors, there are not so many analogues in which all or most of the measured parameters are close. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which of the parameters are of paramount importance, and which do not need to be taken into account at all. Such conclusions can only be drawn if you have a fairly clear idea of ​​the specific conditions and switching circuits in which the replaced transistor operates.

Let's move on to specific situations that are most often encountered in repair practice. First of all, this concerns the selection of analogues of transistors for the output stages of switching power supplies for TVs, VCRs and other household appliances. Switching power supplies for AKAI VS-G205, VS-G405, VS-G411, VS-G415, VS-G417, VS-G418, VS-G511 and other VCRs use a SANKEN 2SC4304 key transistor, made in an insulated FM20 package (on at the time of writing, the transistor was not available for sale and is not included in the tables). The parameters that you should pay attention to when selecting analogues include: Uke max = 800 V, lk max = 3 A, Pk max = = 35 W, h21e min = 10 (at lk = 0,7 A), ton max = 0,7 MKS, toff max = 4,7 MKS, UKe us min = 0,5V (at Ik = 0,7A).

The efficiency of the converter depends on the speed of the transistor (ton / toff, Fig. 2 shows which switching scheme and how they are determined). The shorter the transients, the less power dissipated in the transistor. Therefore, replacement with a significantly slower one, although it restores the device's performance, often leads to repeated failures due to overheating of the case.

The saturation voltage UKenas to some extent affects the value of the maximum pulse current of the transistor and, consequently, the power delivered to the load, especially at low mains voltage. Therefore, sometimes transistors with a large UKe "do not pull" us, that is, the power supply does not develop the necessary power (for a specific switching circuit).

Of the transistors in insulated cases (listed in the tables), "candidates" for replacement can be called 2SC3559, 2SC3866, 2SC3979 (there are also versions in "metal"). The power consumption of the above-mentioned AKAI video recorders does not exceed 19 W, and if the efficiency of the power supply is taken equal to 75%, then the power dissipated on the key transistor does not exceed 5 W, which is much less than the maximum allowable for all supposed analogues. The rest of their parameters are very close, so any of them is suitable for replacement (the higher UKe us U 2SC3979 in our case does not really matter due to the small current consumption).

The cheapest and most affordable analogue is 2SC3979. True, the cheaper BUT11AX is also applicable, but, unfortunately, the author’s lack of complete reference information on it does not allow him to recommend it (although in practice, repairmen widely use BUT11, BUT11А, BUT11AF, BUT11AX transistors in such cases).

In the pre-output stage of the power supply under consideration, a scarce 2SD2132 transistor from the RHOM company was used, which is distinguished by a low "public key" resistance ROTKp = 0,8 Ohm (at IB = 1 mA), h21e = 560 ... 2700 and high speed fT = 350 MHz. The common 2SC4204 or 2SC3246 is suitable for replacement.

Powerful pulse transistors have found no less widespread use in the output stages of horizontal scanning units of televisions and monitors. In FTM536, FTM542, FTM551 TVs from FISHER, a scarce 2SD1425 transistor manufactured by TOSHIBA is used in the scanner unit. It is made in a non-insulated 2-16D3A case with a plastic sleeve and has the following parameters:

UKe max = 600 V, Ik max = 2,5 A, Pk = 80 W, h21e min = 8, UKe us = 8 V, fT = 3 MHz. A 36 ohm resistor is built into it between the base and the emitter, and in some versions - and a protective diode between the collector and emitter. Full-fledged non-deficient analogues 2SD1426, 2SD1427, 2SD1428 differ only in large Ik max (3,5; 5 and 6 A, respectively).

It can be seen from the tables that, in terms of electrical parameters, many other transistors are also suitable for replacement, but made in insulated cases or without protective diodes and resistors. This circumstance must be taken into account when installing additional diodes and resistors, if necessary, and focusing on a specific switching circuit.

To ensure high reliability, the voltage UKe max is especially important, and not usually indicated in popular reference books UKb max. which is always greater for the considered transistors. Therefore, one should be careful with phrases like "1500 V transistor", as they usually mean Ukb max.

As can be seen from the tables, for "1500 V" transistors, the manufacturers themselves allow Uke max equal to 600 ... 800 V. From this point of view, the best reliability transistors will be SANYO number included in the table).

Specific difficulties arise when selecting transistors for video cameras, since in many cases it is difficult to determine even the type of device (bipolar, field, npn, p-n-p, etc.) and its specific name. It is not easy to find reference data. Below are the parameters of the key transistors of the voltage converter used in our widely used PANASONIC camcorders: NV-M3000, NV-M9000, NV-MS4E, AG455, etc.

Q1001, Q1003 - 2SB1202 (p-n-p): Uke max = 50V, lK max = 3 A, Pk = 1 W. h21E = 100...560, Uke us = 0,7 V, ton = 0,07 µs, toff = 0,48 µs, case - SC-64 (SANYO).

Q1004 - 2SD1624 (n-p-n): Uke max = 50 V, lK max = 3 A, Pk = 0,5 W, h21E = 100 ... 560, Uke us = 0,5 V, ton = 0,07, 1µs, toff = 62µs, case - SC-XNUMX (SANYO).

The main difficulty in replacing these transistors is their miniature size. Available transistors with suitable parameters are difficult to place in a very small volume under the shield of the voltage converter, and their location outside the shield is unacceptable due to the high level of noise generated (the operating frequency of the converter is about 500 kHz).

In the case under consideration, the 2SB1202 transistor can be replaced with the less scarce 2SA1241, 2SA1244 (both in the SC-64 package), 2SA1020 (TO-92MOD package), 2SB892 (SC-51 package), as well as domestic 2Т836А, which are slightly slower ( ton = 0,3 µs) and current transfer coefficient (h21E = 80... 125).

The relatively scarce 2SD1207 transistor in the SC-51 package can be considered a close analogue of the 2SD1624. It is also possible to use domestic KT630D, KT630E, although in this case a slight structural modification of the voltage converter is required (an increase in the height of the screen cover racks).

In conclusion, we give an example of replacing the output transistors of vertical scanning units of TVs. In modern devices, they are made mainly on specialized microcircuits, and discrete transistors were used in models of the 70s and 80s. The vertical scan output stage of the HITACHI TV - CR415 (kinescope 370САВ22, 37 cm diagonally) is made on a complementary pair of transistors 2SB546 (p-n-p) and 2SD401 (n-p-n), characterized by Uke max \u150d 2 V, IKmax \u25d 21 A, Pk = 40 W, h200E = 5 ... 1, fT = 50 MHz, Uke us = 220 V, IKB arr = 850 μA, case - TO-851 AV. Transistors are not common, therefore they are in short supply. However, they are almost completely equivalent to the domestic KTXNUMXV (n-p-n) and KTXNUMXV (p-n-p) and, of course, can easily be replaced by them.

Literature

1. Morita A. Made in Japan. - M.: Ed. Progress group. - "Univers", 1993, p. 111-118.
2. bipolar transistors. - Electronic components, 1996, No. 1, p. 41-44.
3. Transistor KT838 A. - Radio, 1994, No. 3, p. four; No. 4, p. 4.

Author: Yu.Petropavlovsky, Taganrog

See other articles Section Reference materials.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Wireless speaker Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D 06.05.2024

In the world of modern audio technology, manufacturers strive not only for impeccable sound quality, but also for combining functionality with aesthetics. One of the latest innovative steps in this direction is the new Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D wireless speaker system, presented at the 2024 World of Samsung event. The Samsung HW-LS60D is more than just a speaker system, it's the art of frame-style sound. The combination of a 6-speaker system with Dolby Atmos support and a stylish photo frame design makes this product the perfect addition to any interior. The new Samsung Music Frame features advanced technologies including Adaptive Audio that delivers clear dialogue at any volume level, and automatic room optimization for rich audio reproduction. With support for Spotify, Tidal Hi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2 connections, as well as smart assistant integration, this speaker is ready to satisfy your ... >>

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Random news from the Archive Artificial tooth kills bacteria 26.10.2015 Andreas Hermann of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and colleagues have developed an antimicrobial plastic that can be used to print teeth that kill bacteria. Scientists have incorporated antimicrobial ammonium salts into existing dental polymers. Such salts are positively charged and they destroy negatively charged bacterial membranes, causing them to burst and die. "This material can kill bacteria on contact, but on the other hand it is completely harmless to human cells," says Hermann. The developers then put this mixture into a 3D printer, hardened it with ultraviolet light, and printed a range of dental objects like dentures and orthodontic braces. To test their antimicrobial abilities, the researchers applied a mixture of saliva and Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that causes tooth decay, to the material. It turned out that the material killed 99% of the bacteria, especially when compared to the control sample without the addition of ammonium salts, where less than 1% of the microbes died. Additional tests are needed before the development can be applied to patients, as the prostheses were kept in the salivary mixture for only six days. For clinical studies, this period should be significantly increased, as well as to test how new prostheses will interact with toothpaste.

Other interesting news:

▪ The doctor must be in good physical shape

▪ Noise Buds VS104 Max TWS Silent Headphones

▪ metal glue

▪ HDR10+ High Dynamic Range Open Video Standard

▪ Fortinet Software Defined Network Security

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Electrician in the house. Article selection

▪ article All in the past. Popular expression

▪ article When and where did the first folding knives appear? Detailed answer

▪ article Exploitation of scaffolds PVS-12. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ GIR article for tuning wire antennas. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Voltage converter 12/220 V - 50 Hz. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024