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Frequency synthesizers. Schemes, articles, descriptions

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Frequency synthesizers

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Subwoofer for the home, for the family. General information



Section Acoustic systems. Sometimes the speaker sensitivity indicator indicated in its passport is not quite adequate to the real state of affairs. The thing is that the power is created by a voltage that depends on the nominal resistance of the driver. If it is equal to 4 ohms (which is typical for car acoustics), then a voltage of 2 V is supplied. But 8-ohm home speakers require 2,83 V. You can play on this difference, which many manufacturers do by indicating the absolute sensitivity of the woofer, that is, measured with an input voltage of 2,83 V. Acceptable sensitivity for a subwoofer is 90 dB, but, as they say, the more the better , higher output speakers place lower demands on the power of the amplifiers. This is clearly illustrated in this table. ... >>

FM generator for the range of 90 ... 110 MHz



Section Radio reception. Figure 1 shows an electrical circuit diagram of an FM generator capable of operating in the FM band. The generator can be used in conjunction with high-quality sound-reproducing equipment. The generator itself is made on a field tetrode VT1 type BF900. The use of a double insulated gate field effect transistor made it possible to obtain a very stable oscillator with a very low noise level in the output signal. The desired frequency is set by the tuning capacitor C4. To ensure the required frequency deviation and low non-linear distortion, a constant bias voltage is supplied to the VD1 varicap from the variable resistor R2 engine. The low frequency input signal enters the device through the blocking capacitor C1 ... >>

Dual Object Digital Thermometer



Section Power regulators, thermometers, heat stabilizers. To measure the air temperature in the room and outside it, as a rule, two different thermometers are used, although it would be quite possible to get by with one having two temperature sensors. Such a device will be discussed. The device is based on K1019EM1 integrated temperature sensors and KR572PV5 double-integration ADC. The thermometer (Fig. 1) allows you to alternately measure the temperature of two different objects, and the signals from the temperature sensors can be switched both manually and automatically. One of the sensors is located directly on the device board, the other is remote ... >>

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Articles on frequency synthesizers

Articles on frequency synthesizers; frequency synthesizer circuits; descriptions of frequency synthesizers: 26 articles

 


 

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Using Apple Vision Pro during surgery 16.03.2024

The medical team at Cromwell Hospital in London used Apple Vision Pro for the first time during two spinal surgeries. This event confirms the headset's potential as a medical tool that will change the way surgical practice is performed. Although the doctors themselves did not use Vision Pro, the operating room nurse worked with virtual reality using glasses while preparing and performing procedures. The headset made it possible to view virtual screens in the operating room, select instruments and monitor the progress of the operation. Software developed by eXeX, a company that specializes in creating artificial intelligence-based applications for surgery, has significantly improved the patient care process. Using Apple Vision Pro opens up new opportunities for developing healthcare applications such as clinical education, surgical planning, training and medical imaging. Implementation of Apple Vision Pro in the medical industry ... >>

Carbon storage in the North Sea 16.03.2024

Norwegian Energy Minister Terje Åsland has announced the launch of the Longship project, which aims to create a central carbon dioxide storage facility in the North Sea. This ambitious project is valued at $2,6 billion and aims to apply CCS (carbon capture and storage) technology to mitigate the impact of climate change. Norway already has experience in CCS, thanks to the successful Sleipner and Snohvit projects, and is now looking to increase the amount of carbon sealed beneath the seabed. Longship's plan calls for capacity to capture and store 1,5 million tons of carbon annually over 25 years. Despite the positive outlook, there are concerns about the long-term consequences of such storage. However, proponents of the project argue that offshore carbon storage has a number of advantages, including minimal environmental impact. The Longship project is carried out with the participation of Equinor, Shell and TotalEnergies through the joint venture Northern Li ... >>

Mini-organs grown from human amniotic fluid 15.03.2024

An international team of scientists led by Professor Fan Xiulin from Zhejiang University has developed a unique method of growing mini-organs from cells found in human amniotic fluid. This significant medical breakthrough could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of congenital diseases. The organoids, which are three-dimensional cellular structures that mimic organs on a smaller scale, were grown from lung, kidney and small intestine cells found in amniotic fluid. This method opens up new possibilities for studying various fetal conditions and may be the key to early diagnosis and treatment of birth defects. Although no treatment has yet been attempted, the scientists hope their research will help combat the serious congenital diseases that affect millions of newborns each year. This breakthrough could change medical interventions by making it possible to diagnose and treat congenital diseases. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Loudest bird on earth found 22.10.2019

A group of ornithologists from the United States and Brazil have announced that the one-horned bell ringer Procnias albus, which lives in the forests of the Amazon, is the loudest bird on Earth. Males of these birds can produce a sound at least nine decibels higher than the previous record.

Male ringers are painted bright white and are distinguished by a long "whisker" above the beak. Attracting females, they sing songs, the volume of which can reach 125 decibels. For comparison, the volume of a fire siren is 100 decibels, and near the working engines of an aircraft, the sound reaches 120 decibels.

The previous record was held by the noisy Lipaugus vociferans. In the course of the study, the scientists measured the volume of singing of three fir and eight ringers in natural conditions and from different distances, accurately fixing the distance to the bird. This made it possible to calculate the volume that 250-gram single-whiskered bell ringers are capable of and set a new record. The authors note that small birds are perfectly adapted for loud songs, they are distinguished by thick “press” muscles and the ability to open their beaks especially wide.

It should be noted that the "songs" of the ringers do not differ in duration or melody. They lure females with a sequence of short calls. Moreover, unlike other animals that are capable of making loud sounds, bell ringers do not use them to communicate over long distances.

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