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Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE). Schemes, articles, descriptions
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Simple ignition switch for a car
Section Car. Ignition. It is known that most of the Russian fleet is equipped with simple contact ignition systems based on the principle of interrupting the current flowing through the low-voltage winding of a high-voltage transformer, which is the ignition coil, using a mechanical interrupter, which is a contact switch driven by the ignition distributor shaft. Such a system has a lot of disadvantages, the current flowing through the primary winding of the ignition coil is too high, and as a result, sparking occurs in the interrupter, which inevitably leads to burning and melting of its contacts, plus, in winter or autumn-spring time, electrochemical erosion of these contacts is added ... >>
Some features of one of the industrial designs of LDS
Section Lighting. Recently, the domestic market has been flooded with small-sized fluorescent lamps (LDS) with built-in ballasts based on transistor inverters. In general, the use of such LDS is economically justified, but the consumer will be able to feel it at least after a year of operation of these lamps. Manufacturers on the packaging of their products declare the operating time of LDS to failure of more than 6 ... 8 thousand hours ... >>
Bi-phase generator with adjustable pause
Section Nodes of amateur radio equipment. Generators, heterodynes. The output signals of the proposed generator (Fig. 1) are in the form of rectangular pulses with a constant phase shift of 180°. The duration of one of the half-cycles of each phase can be changed (reduced). In this case, a gap (pause) tn appears between the shortened phase pulses, in which the phase of the signals of both outputs is the same (Fig. 2). Such signals are used, for example, in master generators of switching power supplies, stepper motors, etc. ... >>
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Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)
All articles of the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE): 356 articles
Section 1 General Rules
Chapter 1.1. a common part
Chapter 1.2. Power supply and electrical networks
Chapter 1.3. Selection of conductors for heating, economic current density and corona conditions
Chapter 1.4. Selection of electrical apparatus and conductors according to short circuit conditions
Chapter 1.5. Electricity metering
Chapter 1.6. Measurements of electrical quantities
Chapter 1.7. Grounding and Electrical Safety Measures
Chapter 1.8. Acceptance test standards
Chapter 1.9. Insulation of electrical installations
Section 2. Sewerage of electricity
Chapter 2.1. Wiring
Chapter 2.2. Current conductors up to 35 kV
Chapter 2.3. Cable lines up to 220 kV
Chapter 2.4. Overhead power lines with voltage up to 1 kV
Chapter 2.5. Overhead power lines with voltage above 1 kV
Section 3. Protection and automation
Chapter 3.1. Protection of electrical networks with voltage up to 1 kV
Chapter 3.2. Relay protection
Chapter 3.3. Automation and telemechanics
Chapter 3.4. Secondary circuits
Section 4. Switchgears and substations
Chapter 4.1. Switchgears up to 1 kV AC and up to 1,5 kV DC
Chapter 4.2. Switchgears and substations with voltages above 1 kV
Chapter 4.3. Converter substations and installations
Chapter 4.4. Battery installations
Section 5. Electric power plants
Chapter 5.1. Electrical machine rooms
Chapter 5.2. Generators and synchronous compensators
Chapter 5.3. Electric motors and their switching devices
Chapter 5.4. Crane electrical equipment
Chapter 5.5. Electrical equipment of elevators
Chapter 5.6. Condenser units
Section 6. Electric lighting
Chapter 6.1. a common part
Chapter 6.2. Interior lighting
Chapter 6.3. Outdoor Lighting
Chapter 6.4. Illuminated advertising, signs and illumination
Chapter 6.5. Lighting control
Chapter 6.6. Lighting fixtures and wiring devices
Section 7. Electrical equipment of special installations
Chapter 7.1. Electrical installations of residential, public, administrative and household buildings
Chapter 7.2. Electrical installations of entertainment companies, clubs and sports facilities
Chapter 7.3. Electrical installations in hazardous areas
Chapter 7.4. Electrical installations in fire hazardous areas
Chapter 7.5. Electrothermal plants
Chapter 7.6. Electric welding installations
Chapter 7.7. Peat electrical installations
Chapter 7.10. Electrolysis plants and electroplating plants
Applications
All articles for an electrician
Regulatory documentation for an electrician
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In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>
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| Random news from the Archive Tutorials from space
04.01.2007
An important reason for the backwardness of educational systems in African countries, especially in the teaching of natural and exact sciences, is the difficulty of updating textbooks in school libraries.
In a rural school in Kenya, 60 students received PDAs that were downloaded via satellite with the latest editions of school textbooks approved by the Kenyan Ministry of Education. This is much cheaper than buying textbooks every year and delivering them to remote areas of the country.
Next year, the experiment will be extended to Rwanda, where 405 schools with 20000 students will take part in it.
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