Transistors IRFZ14 - IRFZ48N. Reference data

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Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Wireless speaker Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D 06.05.2024

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A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Random news from the Archive Economical biofuel from cellulose 27.06.2015 A bright dream of biotechnologists is an economical biofuel from cellulose. Of course, sawdust and other garbage are supposed to be used for biofuel, and not timber. Cellulose, as you know, is a polymer of glucose, however, it is beta-glucose, not alpha-glucose, which is part of sugar and starch, but bacteria or yeast fungi may well make some alcohols or other energetically valuable molecules from it. It would be much more profitable than spending potential food raw materials on fuel. However, it is difficult to break down cellulose into monomers; it is not for nothing that plant mass and wood are malnourished, unlike starchy tubers. This is the bottleneck on the way to biofuels. But some people in nature eat wood, like some bacteria. And if they eat, then they know how to break down cellulose. Aerobic (oxygen-loving) microorganisms do this with the help of free enzyme molecules, while anaerobic, living in an oxygen-free environment, use enzyme complexes called "cellulosomes". Cellulase enzymes, which cleave bonds between glucose molecules, and specific proteins that attach to cellulose, are assembled into a construct that is significantly more efficient than free enzymes. Recently it has been shown that the activity of cellulases is significantly enhanced by other enzymes, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases - LPMO. But these enzymes are available only in aerobic bacteria (which is understandable: oxygen is needed to carry out the redox reaction). Researchers from the Weizmann Institute (Israel) have managed to combine single molecules of cellulases and LPMO of the aerobic bacterium Thermobifida fusca into a cellulosome. Proteins were combined "in the Lego principle," as the authors of the article put it. But it would be more accurate to say that all the necessary proteins - cellulases, LPMO and the cellulose binding site - were genetically engineered with connectors borrowed from proteins of anaerobic bacteria that can assemble into cellulosomes. The connectors were chosen so that the complex included one molecule of each of the proteins. The activity of modified proteins, taken separately, did not change compared to the initial one, but cellulosomes containing LPMO cleaved cellulose 1,6 times better than a mixture of free-floating proteins, and 2,6 times better than a cellulase solution without LMPO. Israeli scientists will not stop there: they plan to include enzymes that break down lignin into new designer cellulosomes. And you get a multi-enzyme complex that turns solid wood into a solution of sugars and phenol derivatives.

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