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Resistors. Code marking. Reference data

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Reference materials

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In accordance with GOST 11076-69 and the requirements of IEC Publications 62 and 115-2 (IEC), the first 3 or 4 characters carry information about the value of the resistor, determined by the base value from the E3 ... E192 series, and the multiplier. The last character carries information about the tolerance, i.e. resistor accuracy class. The requirements of GOST and IEC practically coincide with another standard BS1852 (British Standard).

Resistors. Code marking. Reference data

In addition to the line that defines the value and tolerance of the resistor, additional encoded information about the type of resistor, its rated power and release date can be applied.

For example:

Resistors. Code marking. Reference data

Publication: cxem.net

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Electrically conductive biogel for inkjet printer 16.07.2012

Researchers from Stanford University reported in the latest issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they have created an electrically conductive gel that can be applied to surfaces using an inkjet printer. According to scientists, it is a hydrogel that looks and behaves like biological tissue, but is able to conduct electricity like a metal or semiconductor.

Associate professors Zhe Nan Bao and Yi Kui, who lead the development, created their gel by linking long polymer chains of aniline with phytic acid, which is part of plant tissue. Its molecules are able to bind to six polymer chains at once, creating a complex three-dimensional web from them.

Commercially available conductive polymers are homogeneous films devoid of any nanostructure, while the material created by the Stanford group is like a sponge filled with many nanopores. This nanostructure, which greatly increases the total surface area of ​​the gel, increases the amount of electrical charge it can hold, enhances its ability to "feel" chemical compounds, and dramatically speeds up its electrical response to an external field.

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