Electrical safety. reference Information

electrical safety

Background

Everyone should know the basics of safety when working with voltages above 36 V. Life is too valuable a gift of nature to be lost due to inattention or inaccuracy.

An electric current of more than 50 mA passing through a person is a danger to health and life. Therefore, for the safe performance of work, it is necessary to remember and follow the basic rules:

1. Hands must be clean and dry, since the amount of current passing through a person depends on the condition of the skin, as well as the area of contact with current-carrying parts (dirt and moisture increase it).

2. Do not climb into the unit with both hands at once or with one hand touch the conductive surface (metal case of the device), since the degree of electric shock depends on the path of its passage. The most dangerous is the path of current from hand to hand - through the area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe heart and lungs.

3. Repair with the replacement of parts must be carried out when the device is powered off from the 220 V network. To be completely sure of this, it is better to unplug the mains plug from the socket (the switch may break at the most unexpected moment).

4. After turning off the power, the capacitors in the device may retain a charge for some time, which you will receive if you accidentally touch the circuits. To eliminate this possibility, the leads of the high-voltage capacitors are shorted through a resistor of approximately 100 ohms (shorting the leads with a short-circuit jumper may damage them).

This rule is especially well remembered after you feel the discharge of a high-voltage capacitor on yourself.

5. When the device is initially turned on, care should be taken, since diodes and electrolytic capacitors can explode if the polarity is turned on incorrectly or the modes are exceeded. In this case, the capacitors do not explode immediately, but first they heat up for some time.

6. It is not recommended to leave turned on and not yet configured devices unattended - this can cause a fire.

7. Under normal conditions, a current source with a voltage of up to 36 V is safe for humans, therefore it is better to use a soldering iron with an operating voltage not exceeding this value for mounting elements.

8. When working with a soldering iron, do not shake off the remnants of molten solder from the tip: it may splash into the eyes or on the body and cause injury. Caution is also necessary when pulling out the leads of the elements when tapping.

The soldering iron must have a stand that prevents accidental touching of hot parts with your hands, as well as rolling it onto the table.

9. When working with a soldering iron for a long time, the air in the room is saturated with lead and tin fumes harmful to the body. Therefore, the room should be regularly ventilated.

If, nevertheless, by negligence you are energized or have witnessed such an incident, then you need to get rid of contact with the current-carrying conductor as soon as possible by opening the circuit in any way. The consequences of the defeat depend on the time the person is under voltage.

You need to be especially careful when setting up circuits that do not have electrical isolation from the 220 V network (do not have step-down transformers). In this case, it is better to connect measuring instruments with the circuit turned off.

It is impossible to tell about all the dangers within the limits of this article, so be careful and careful when working with electricity.

Publication: radioman.ru

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