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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common blueberry (bog blueberry, marsh blueberry, low blueberry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common blueberry (bog blueberry, marsh blueberry, low blueberry), Vaccinium uliginosum. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Vaccinium Family: Heathers (Ericaceae) Origin: North hemisphere Area: Blueberries are found in temperate and cold regions of Eurasia and North America, including Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, and Japan. Chemical composition: Blueberries are rich in anthocyanins, which give the blue or purple color to the berries. In addition, blueberries contain vitamins C and E, as well as minerals, including potassium, calcium and magnesium. Economic value: The common blueberry has a high nutritional and medicinal value. Blueberries are widely used in the food industry for the production of juices, preserves, jams and other products. Blueberries are also used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach problems, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In some regions, blueberries are also used as a dye for textiles and leather. Legends, myths, symbolism: In many cultures, blueberries are associated with magic and spiritual powers. In Slavic mythology, blueberries were associated with the goddess Lada and symbolized spiritual purity and beauty. In Norse mythology, blueberries were associated with the goddess Freya and were considered a symbol of love and beauty. There are also many shades in the symbolism of blueberries. For example, it can symbolize health, restoration and rejuvenation, and its berries can be associated with nutrition, a healthy lifestyle and strength.
Common blueberry (bog blueberry, marsh blueberry, low blueberry), Vaccinium uliginosum. Description, illustrations of the plant Blueberry, Vaccinium uliginosum L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
A strongly branched shrub or shrub up to 1,5 m high. The leaves are small, oblong, alternate, dark green above, bluish-green below. The flowers are small, bell-shaped, drooping, pinkish-white. The fruit is a pear-shaped multi-celled berry with a thin skin and a bluish bloom. Blooms in June-July. Blueberries grow in swamps, in damp coniferous and deciduous forests, on peat bogs, often in the vicinity of wild rosemary, the intoxicating smell of which causes a state of intoxication in a person, hence the popular name of blueberries - a drunkard. In fact, the plant as a whole and its berries do not have such an effect. At present, cultivars of blueberries have been created, which are cultivated in the USA, Germany and Poland. In North America, high-yielding varieties with large and exceptionally tasty berries have been bred. Blueberries are propagated by seeds, which are spread by birds, and vegetatively by long underground stems that easily root in the soil. For the first time, blueberries begin to bloom at the age of 11-18 years. It lives and bears fruit for a long time, up to 90 years. A fruit-bearing plantation is burned out in the spring for two purposes: firstly, burning out replaces pruning, and secondly, it is quite detrimental to weeds and pests. Blueberries form thickets that need care: loosening the soil, rejuvenating pruning of plants, feeding with small doses of fertilizers. The fruits are harvested in September with a "comb" - a comb scoop. Blueberries contain a large number of substances useful for the body, including sugars, organic acids, iron and manganese. Blueberry fruits are also valuable because they are rich in pectin and tannins, vitamins, aromatic and phenolic compounds. The seeds contain a lot of fat. In folk medicine, blueberries have long been used (especially in the northern regions of the country) as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiscorbutic agent. Juice from fresh berries and a decoction of dried berries helps with colds. Berries contribute to the secretion of gastric juice, so they are recommended for catarrh of the stomach, enterocolitis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Blueberry leaves also have a therapeutic effect. A large amount of vitamin C causes their antiscorbutic effect. The value of blueberries is in the content of indestructible vitamins. Berries have a sweet and sour taste. They are consumed fresh, used in cooking as a filling for pies; jelly, compote, jelly, jam, jam and mashed potatoes are cooked from them. Blueberries are stored both in ice cream and in dried form. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Blueberry. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
It is found everywhere in peat bogs, mossy damp soils. It often grows next to wild rosemary, the intoxicating smell of which causes headaches and dizziness. Because of this, blueberries are called a fool, a drunkard. Perennial shrub over 100 cm high, with curved gray branches. The leaves are dense, dark green above, covered with a bluish wax coating, bluish below. Blooms from May to July. The flowers are whitish-pink, small, arranged 2-3 on last year's branches. The fruits are round, juicy berries, 9-12 mm in diameter, bluish-black, fleshy, sour-sweet, odorless, do not have a coloring property. Ripen in August - September. Seeds numerous, light brown. Blueberries are characterized by an extended period of flowering and ripening of berries. On the same bush you can find a variety of combinations of flowers, buds, green and ripe berries. Blueberries are rich in biologically active substances. Vitamin C in it is several times more than in blueberries. Fruits contain sugars, organic acids, tannins, dyes, pectin, carotene, mineral salts, etc., seeds - up to 32% fatty oil; leaves - flavonoids, tannins, glycosides. Blueberries are used in food. They are used fresh and dried. They make jam, compotes, kissels, prepare juices, drinks, fruit drinks, make stuffing for pies, etc. Fresh blueberries with sugar and milk. Arrange washed blueberries in bowls, sprinkle with sugar and pour over with milk. You can add corn flakes before serving. 200 g blueberries, sugar to taste, 250 ml milk, 100 g corn flakes. Fresh blueberries with cottage cheese and sour cream. Pour washed blueberries with sugar for 1-2 hours, then add cottage cheese, mix, arrange in plates, pour over sour cream. 200 g blueberries, sugar to taste, 150 g cottage cheese, 150 g sour cream. Blueberry natural. Arrange the washed blueberries in hot, sterilized jars, pour boiled water at a temperature of 65-70 ° C and sterilize: half-liter jars - 10, liter - 20 minutes. Seal banks. Store in a cool place. Pigeon juice. Pour blueberries with boiling water for 10-15 minutes, then drain the water, mash the berries with a wooden pestle, squeeze out the juice, mix it with 40% sugar syrup, bring to a boil, pour into sterilized jars and sterilize: half-liter jars - 15 , liter - 20 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg of blueberries, 400 g of sugar, 600 ml of water. Blueberry juice with pulp. Pour blueberries with boiling water for 10-15 minutes, then drain the water, mash the berries with a wooden pestle, squeeze out the juice, add sugar, boil for 3-5 minutes. Pour the juice into sterilized jars and sterilize: half-liter - 15, liter - 20 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg of blueberries, 400 g of sugar. Blueberries in their own juice. Arrange the washed blueberries in sterilized jars, pour in blueberry juice, heat to a temperature of 65 ° C and sterilize: half-liter jars - 15, liter -20, three-liter - 30 minutes. Seal banks. Blueberries mashed with sugar. Sort blueberries of the same ripeness, rinse with cold water, mash with a wooden pestle, mix thoroughly with sugar, heat to a temperature of 70 ° C, put in hot sterilized jars and sterilize: half a liter - 20, liter - 25 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg of blueberries, 500 g of sugar. Blueberry compote. Arrange the washed blueberries in hot sterilized jars, pour in 40% sugar syrup and sterilize: half-liter jars -15, liter - 25, three-liter - 35 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg of blueberries, 400 g of sugar, 600 ml of water. Compote of blueberries with blueberries. Lay the washed blueberries and blueberries in layers in sterilized hot jars, pour 45% sugar syrup and sterilize: half-liter jars -10, liter - 15, three-liter - 35 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg blueberries, 1 kg blueberries, 900 g sugar, 1100 ml water. Blueberry compote with cherries. Prepare 50% syrup from blueberry juice and sugar, pour pitted blueberries and cherries into sterilized jars and sterilize: half-liter -15, liter - 20, three-liter jars - 35 minutes. Seal banks. 500 g blueberries, 500 g cherries, 500 ml blueberry juice, 500 g sugar. Blueberry compote with apples. Peel and core apples, cut into slices, pour 40% sugar syrup over and boil for 10 minutes. Then add blueberries, citric acid, bring to a boil, pour into hot sterilized jars and sterilize: half a liter - 15, liter - 150 minutes. Seal banks. 150 g blueberries, 400 g apples, 600 g sugar, 1 ml water, XNUMX g citric acid. You can also make blueberry compotes with raspberries and black currants. Blueberry jelly. Stir the blueberry juice with sugar, pour in the diluted gelatin and bring to a boil. Pour into molds and chill. 400 ml blueberry juice, 20 g gelatin, sugar to taste. Blueberry mousse. Rinse blueberries, mash with a wooden pestle, squeeze out the juice. Boil the pulp for 5 minutes, strain. Add sugar, gelatin diluted in water to the broth, bring to a boil, mix with juice and strain. Pour into cups or bowls and refrigerate until set. 200 g blueberries, 150-200 g sugar, 30 g gelatin, 1 liter water. Kissel from blueberries. Mash the washed blueberries, squeeze out the juice. Pour the pulp with boiling water, boil for 5 minutes, strain. Pour sugar into the broth, bring to a boil, pour in the diluted starch, stir well. When the jelly boils, immediately remove it from the heat, pour in the juice and stir. 400 g blueberries, 200 ml water, 45 g starch, sugar to taste. Blueberry jam. Pour ripe blueberries with 70% sugar syrup for 3-4 hours and cook until tender. Before the end of cooking, if desired, you can add a little vanilla, lemon zest, cinnamon, cloves. 1 kg of blueberries, 700 g of sugar, 300 ml of water. Blueberry jam with raspberries. Pour blueberries and raspberries with hot sugar syrup for 2-3 hours, then cook over low heat until tender, removing the foam and stirring gently. 200 g blueberries, 800 g raspberries, 1 kg sugar, 100 ml water. Jam from blueberries and other berries. Pour blueberries, blueberries, raspberries in equal amounts with sugar syrup for 3-4 hours, then cook until tender. 1 kg of mixed berries, 1 kg of sugar, 100 ml of water. Blueberry pasta. Boil washed blueberries in water for 10-20 minutes, rub through a sieve, add sugar, beat well and cook over low heat until the desired consistency. Pour the mass into greased molds and dry in the oven. 1 kg of blueberries, 600 g of sugar, 200 ml of water.
Blueberry berries and leaves are used in folk medicine. Berries improve appetite, have a choleretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic effect, strengthen the walls of blood capillaries, normalize bowel and pancreatic functions; leaves increase the functional activity of the stomach, intestines, heart; berries and leaves of blueberries help lower blood sugar levels, are used in the treatment of uncomplicated forms of diabetes. Berries are eaten 300-400 g per day for colitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, diabetes. Infusion of blueberries. Infuse 20 g of dried berries in 250 ml of boiling water for 1 hour. Drink 50 ml every 3 hours for gastritis, colitis, kidney disease, pancreas. A decoction of blueberry leaves. Boil 50 g of leaves in 200 ml of water for 30 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 4-6 times daily before meals for constipation. A decoction of the leaves and branches of blueberries. Boil 50 g of blueberry leaves and branches in 200 ml of water for 10 minutes, insist in a warm place for 1-2 hours and strain. Take 1 tablespoon 4-6 times a day for heart disease, colitis. Drink blueberry juice 50-100 ml 3 times a day for diarrhea, inflammation of the renal pelvis, cholecystitis, liver disease, hypovitaminosis, general weakness, after surgery, serious illness. Contraindications have not been established. Blueberries are harvested as they ripen, in July, August, September. Dried in the shade, in ovens, ovens, dryers, at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C. Spread on baking sheets, plywood in a thin layer, periodically turn over. Leaves are harvested during flowering. Dry in the shade in a draft, under a canopy, in attics with an iron roof. Lay out in a thin layer on a litter, periodically turn over. Shelf life of dried berries is 1 year, leaves - 2 years. The plant propagates by seeds that are carried by the wind, birds, forest animals, willingly feeding on blueberries. Can be propagated by planting rhizomatous cuttings or bushes without aerial parts. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.
Common blueberry (bog blueberry, marsh blueberry, low blueberry), Vaccinium uliginosum. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The scientific name of the genus Vaccinium is taken from Classical Latin: in Pliny the Elder, the word vaccinium occurs as the name of a plant ("type of berry"; perhaps blueberry was meant; bacca - berry). Occasionally, a version is given that the name Vaccinium comes from the Latin word vacca - cow (vaccinus - cow) and is explained by the beneficial properties of berries, comparable to the benefits of a cow on the farm. Branched deciduous subshrub or shrub up to one meter high, usually 30-50 cm, sometimes with a creeping stem. In appearance of the plant (especially due to the similarity of the leaves), blueberries can be confused with blueberries, but blueberries differ from it in lighter stems. Another difference is that, unlike blueberries, the blueberry stalk is woody almost to the top. The root system is fibrous. Root hairs are absent. The assimilation of nutrients from the soil occurs with the help of mycorrhiza (symbiosis with a fungus). Leaves up to 3 cm long obovate or oblong, dense, thin. In autumn, the leaf turns red and falls off, the berry may not fall off and remain on bare branches until frost. Flowers are small, five-toothed, drooping; corolla pitcher white or pinkish. Fruits are blue rounded, less often elongated, juicy berries with a bluish bloom, edible, ripe purple pulp, berries up to 1,2 cm long. Blueberry fruits differ from blueberry fruits in the shape of the receptacle on the berry: in blueberries it is even, almost round, in blueberries broken; the taste of blueberries and blueberries is also very different. Blueberry juice is pale, and blueberry juice is purple-red, and when blueberries are harvested, they leave purple-blue stains that are difficult to wash off when they get on the skin.
Blueberries are found in all regions of the Northern Hemisphere with a temperate and cold climate, in the tundra, forest zone and upper mountain belt, often in swamps and peat bogs. In Eurasia, it is distributed from Iceland and Great Britain in the west to the Russian Far East and Japan in the east (in the south, the range of the species reaches Spain, Italy, the countries of the former Yugoslavia, Turkey, and Mongolia). In North America - from Alaska to Newfoundland (in the south - to California). It grows both in small thickets along streams and rivers, and forms extensive "blueberry mari" with an area of tens of square kilometers (for example, in Transbaikalia). Blueberries are very hardy, the bush can live up to a hundred years. This is an unpretentious plant, it is practically not affected by pests and diseases. Useful properties of blueberries are due to its valuable composition. Despite the fact that almost 90 percent of the berries are water, there is also a place for other valuable components, for example, among organic acids, the presence of malic, citric, nicotinic, acetic, oxalic acids can be noted, in addition there are fiber, pectins, flavonoids. Of the mineral salts, the presence of magnesium, iron, calcium and phosphorus can be noted. Blueberries are not deprived of vitamins of group B, PP, A, K and P, and a considerable amount of ascorbic acid is also present in this berry. As you know, all these substances are very important for the full functioning of our body. Thanks to this composition, blueberries have useful properties, the following therapeutic effects on the human body can be listed: antibacterial, diuretic, anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, cardiotonic. Blueberries are edible and tasty. They are harvested for consumption in their raw and processed form. Fresh juice does not keep for a long time. They are used to make jam and are also used to make wine. It is usually recommended to mix blueberries with other berries that have a brighter taste: blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries, etc. Berries and blueberry juice are a dietary product that enhances metabolism and the effect of sugar-lowering drugs. Berries strengthen the walls of blood vessels, normalize the work of the digestive organs and the heart. Due to the beneficial properties of blueberries, it is customary to use it as a medicinal berry, for example, it is recommended to use it for diseases of the cardiovascular system, indigestion, as well as high blood sugar, as it has a positive effect on the activity of the pancreas. Blueberries include highly active antioxidants that are able to inactivate free radicals to prevent the development of oncological pathology. Accordingly, as a cancer prevention, these berries are simply indispensable in the diet of the category of people who are at risk for this disease. It is very useful to eat blueberries for those who experience vision problems, when using blueberries, its sharpness increases and intraocular pressure decreases, therefore, these fruits should be administered to people suffering from glaucoma, as well as myopia. Vitamin K present in the fruits takes part in the biochemical process of blood coagulation, group P and PP reduce the risk of developing varicose veins. In addition, berries are able to have a protective effect on our body from exposure to radioactive radiation. Pregnant and lactating women should use blueberries with caution, as it can cause allergic reactions not only in the mother, but also in the child. With biliary dyskinesia, it should also be minimized in your diet. Blueberries are widely cultivated, especially abroad, in North America. It requires acidic soils (pH 4-5), so you need to regularly monitor the level of acidity. Blueberries are especially demanding on moisture - in the root layer of the soil (at a depth of 20 cm) it must be constantly wet, but it cannot stand waterlogging and flooding. The occurrence of groundwater at a depth of 30-60 cm is favorable for the culture.
Wild blueberry, Vactinium uliginosum L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Blueberry is a strongly branched shrub from the lingonberry family with a height of 30 cm to 1 m. The leaves are elliptical, dark green, on short petioles, covered with a bluish wax coating, with slightly curled edges; disappear for the winter. The flowers are white or pink, with a jug-bell-shaped corolla on drooping pedicels. The fruit is an oval berry of dark gray color, sweet and sour taste, without much flavor. Unlike blueberries, blueberries do not have a coloring property. Blossoms in May-June, ripens in July-August. It grows in peat bogs and in sparse coniferous and deciduous forests. The average yield is about 140 kg per hectare. Blueberries contain proteins, carbohydrates (glucose and fructose), potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, 20 mg of vitamin C, up to 550 mg of P-vitamin substance, up to 1,7 mg of organic acids (citric and malic), about 0,5 mg of pectin (in terms of 100 g of the edible part of the product). Numerous studies have confirmed the dietary properties of blueberries. In dietary nutrition, blueberries are used as a tonic and vitamin remedy that helps normalize metabolism. Blueberry is a very promising plant for introduction into the culture. It is frost-resistant and does not require special care. The harvest of berries can reach 178 g per bush, the weight of individual berries is 0,8 g. Berries are consumed fresh, they are used to make jam, compotes, jelly, juices, decoctions, marshmallows, mashed potatoes, jelly, kvass and fruit drinks. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Blueberry (gonobobel). reference Information
A branchy shrub 30-120 cm high of the lingonberry family. The fruits are spherical berries, bluish-blue, greenish inside, 7-12 mm long, with numerous light brown seeds. The fruits have a thin skin, sweet and sour and fresh. They contain up to 6,5% sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), about a percent of organic acids (citric, malic), tannins, vitamin C and other vitamins. Blueberries are a good source of vitamin C, especially in northern areas. Blueberries are consumed fresh, in addition, they are used for drying, canning, obtaining juice and jam, as well as in winemaking. Good antiscorbutic. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Blueberry. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking
The August sun is sometimes hotter than the average summer-July. It burns so that the air above the highway flows from the haze. It smells of stale herbs, compressed straw, and near the orchards - ripe apples. Nature is generous as never before in the year. Grain harvest and threshing, hay harvesting, picking mushrooms, berries and medicinal plants - everyone knows August, everything is plenty. Even swamps will endow the connoisseur of nature with a delicious, unforgettable meal. Take a look at the squat bushes of blueberries, how densely they are humiliated with gray fruits! A berry bush spreads like a blue haze among green cushions of moss, through thickets of evergreen wild rosemary. And where the wild rosemary, there is a carbon monoxide smell. He gets drunk, causes a headache, which is why the neighbor of wild rosemary - blueberry was called a drunkard. Even in the old days, the peasants noticed: if you go for blueberries, you will breathe in a heavy spirit. They thought they were dying from the berry. Fast, fun picking blueberries. Especially when you do not manually remove the berries, but with a "comb" - a comb scoop. You poke blue brushes with wire teeth, and immediately a handful of large oblong fruits roll into the bosom of a scoop. Narrow leaves slip between the teeth, so that the weed impurity almost does not fall into the basket. At home, blueberries are sorted, separating unripe crumpled berries, as well as leaves and pieces of stems. Selected fruits have a base of dark blue color, which has retained a wax coating. Berries with an erased patina lock up, are stored worse. It is especially important to monitor the safety of the bluish bloom for berries that are to be transported. This requires both careful eating and tight packaging that does not allow the fruits to roll inside the container. They eat blueberries in a wide variety of dishes - in jelly, jam, compotes and, of course, fresh. This berry is endowed with clear juice and, unlike blueberries, does not stain the mouth. Its flesh is greenish, contains many small seeds. Blueberries are so tender and tasty that even fresh they are considered a considerable delicacy. And it is also useful: sugars, organic acids, iron salts, tannins and dyes, life-giving vitamins are accumulated in the berries. A real treasure trove of health! Blueberry juice or a decoction of dried berries is a proven antipyretic. It is not difficult to stock up on dried berries for the future. To do this, selected fruits are scattered on baking sheets in a thin layer, dried in an oven or in a cooling oven. Blueberry jam is prepared like this. Ripe fruits are sorted, separating the stalks, leaves and twigs. Then the product is washed, thrown into a colander so that the water is glass, and then transferred to a hot 70% sugar syrup. Cook over low heat for 3-4 hours, until tender. Half-liter jars are pasteurized for 15, and liter jars for 20 minutes. Sugar and berries are taken in an equal weight ratio. Blueberry compote is also made from selected berries. After rinsing in cold water and throwing it on a sieve or colander, the berries are poured into boiled jars, and they are poured as tightly as possible. Then blueberries are poured with 45% sugar syrup. Compote will be even tastier if the syrup is prepared not with water, but with blueberry juice squeezed from discarded, crushed berries. Filled jars are pasteurized in the same mode as jam. Blueberries mashed with sugar also taste very pleasant. To do this, berry puree is mixed with granulated sugar at the rate of half a kilogram of sugar per kilogram of puree. The mixture is heated, laid out in hot glass jars, then pasteurized in boiling water, holding half-liter jars for 8 minutes, liter jars for 25. Fans of berry delicacies prepare natural blueberries for the future. Sorted and washed berries are poured with boiled water, pasteurized in boiling water (half-liter jars are kept for 10 minutes). After pasteurization, the jar is corked with a manual machine and turned over onto the lid or placed on its side to pasteurize the lid. "Blueberry natural" retains the taste of fresh berries. A jar of this forest hotel will be the most treasured treat at the New Year's table. Blueberry is a low, strongly branched shrub. His average height is 35-40 centimeters. The same berry plant lives for a long time, up to a hundred years. Therefore, it is necessary to treat it with care, without damaging the stems and rhizomes. Some of the berries are left on the bushes - birds and foxes feed on them. They also settle blueberries in swamps, forests and stalled beams. After all, the seeds, having passed the gastrointestinal tract, not only do not lose their germination capacity, but also germinate better. Sometimes I had to pick blueberries in completely unexpected places, say, along the slopes of grassy ravines, on old deposits. It turns out that blueberries can grow in both wet and normal soils. In the United States and Canada, blueberries are generally cultivated in the field. And it has been around for decades. Landings grow slowly at first, then they cover more and more areas. Some clones (a group of shrubs developed from a single mother plant) are several meters across. A hundred-year-old clone is known that has reached a unique size - 800 meters in diameter! Blueberries are bred with seeds, but they are sown not in the field, but in boxes. And they do it taking into account the physiological characteristics of blueberries. The fact is that the seeds fall into dormancy very quickly, which will take two years to break. To prevent this, proceed as follows: freshly picked berries are placed for several days in a refrigerator for freezing, which brings the seed material out of dormancy. The skin is removed from the frozen berries, and the pulp with seeds is planted in boxes filled with a mixture of sand and peat. Seed placement shallow 6 mm. When the shoots develop on the second leaf, the seedlings are separated from one another, then transplanted into another box. As soon as the seedlings become crowded there, they are seated again. During the winter, the seedlings are well developed and strengthened. In the spring, it is transferred from the premises to the plantation. Blueberries are also cultivated with the help of rhizomes. To do this, the overgrown clone is divided into pieces and, having shaken the soil from the roots, cuttings are cut 7,5 centimeters long each. In the nursery, the cuttings are placed in the grooves with the upper end up. The fact is that blueberry roots, like stems, are popular: the part of the cutting, which is closer to the mother plant, forms roots, and the top grows upwards. The cuttings laid in the grooves are sprinkled with sandy soil with a layer of 5-7,5 centimeters. In the nursery, seedlings are brought up for up to two years, then they are planted in a permanent place. It is possible to root cuttings not in a nursery, but in breeding greenhouses stuffed with crushed peat. A fruit-bearing plantation is burned out in the spring. This achieves two goals: burning out replaces pruning, and secondly, it is quite detrimental to weeds and pests. But prolonged burning of blueberries noticeably depletes the soil, which, of course, cannot be allowed. That is why for 60 years, while the berry plantation bears fruit well, it is rejuvenated and cleaned with a variety of means, up to manual ones.
In the United States, there are mainly two types of blueberries - low and high. Low blueberry is not so low, its bushes reach one and a half meters in height, and besides, they are strong, branched. The branches themselves are blue, warty. The berries are blue, with a wax coating. The disadvantage of low blueberries is the crushing of berries on older plants. Tall blueberries are, in fact, a prominent shrub - taller than a tall man! The leaves are oval, the flowers are collected in short brushes. In the wild, it is found in damp, shrubby forests. The species was introduced into culture at the end of the last century, it has a high sugar content and a unique vitamin content. Of the cultivars, Rübel is the most famous. It is a tall shrub with strong gray branches. The bark of young shoots is red in winter. The shrub bears fruit late, but abundantly, and its berries are beautiful, blue, the size of a cherry. Early fruiting has another high blueberry variety - Cabot. The shrub grows extensive, squat, its stems are light red or greenish. High blueberries are propagated by rooted cuttings. Hand picking berries. Our breeders have been thinking about "taming" North American blueberries for a long time. Back in the mid-30s, the question of the development of a new berry crop was raised. But the war and post-war years pushed back the solution of this issue. It has only recently reappeared. Scientists of the Forestry Academy recognized blueberry cultivation as a highly promising business. Perhaps in the near future this generous shrub will appear in amateur gardens. Who doesn't like delicious blue berries? Moreover, overseas blueberries are unpretentious: they love the sun, but also grow in the shade. Yes, and she prefers acidic soils, quite common on the site. It is a plant of a cool and humid climate. Natural reserves of this berry are huge. It is only necessary to skillfully organize its collection and transportation. Usually, at consumer cooperation points, blueberries are packed in barrels, slatted boxes, as well as sieves and veneer baskets. Before packing, the berries are cleaned of debris, just as it is done when sorting lingonberries, blueberries or cranberries - on a sloping table covered with canvas. Whole berries roll down the table into sieves, and leaves, branch fragments and crumpled fruits remain on the canvas. Large, tasty, elegant blueberries. It stays on the bushes for a long time - the rest of the summer and September. They walk on blueberries in dry weather, after the dew has disappeared. Only ripe berries are taken from the bush. Bird cherry "When the bird cherry blossoms, the cold always lives" is an old peasant sign. Of course, the "cheremukhinas of the cold" are just recurrent weather adversities, in no way connected with the very flowering of a cute tree. But in the view of the peasant, these two heterogeneous phenomena were, as it were, merged: the bird cherry blossomed - expect the cold. And although it doesn’t happen year after year, it happens that even at the time of the fragrant bird cherry, lasting warmth is established. Then the gardens and low forests are especially magnificently transformed, where the fragrant tree usually settles. But here the bird cherry blossomed, faded. Instead of the luxury of petals, grains of green ovary are now visible on the branches. "The dress was lost, the buttons remained" - think about the new look of bird cherry. Its fruits are slowly poured, remaining firm, unattractive until the end of July. The leaves are also quite simple. Instead of sticky, fragrant corners, as they looked at the time of flowering, holes in the branches flutter, and even whitish leaves. The freshness of wrinkled plates is lost not only with age, but also from the invasion of insects. A lot of midges curl in the bird cherry in the summer, as if the branches do not have plant poisons - phytoncides. They possess something, but not to the same extent as in the spring, when the leaves have just unfolded. That's what insects parasitize on them. But the berries are rarely spoiled. Smooth as a selection and black-black, they shine on the branches. Each brush is a handful of ripe clean berries. Bird cherry ripens at the end of July. Tear off then overweight brushes in a basket, stock up on a treat. Careful eating of fruits is an indispensable condition for any berry campaign, but when they go for bird cherry, this condition is observed especially carefully. After all, bird cherry for fragrant, beautiful flowers has already got from all sorts of plunderers and smashers. And if you do not take care of the fruit-bearing bird cherry, then a luxurious tree will turn into a miserable ugly. But where bird cherry is cherished, it generously responds to care. The thickets of this savage are so magnificent and portly that it is not difficult to collect fruits in them; the branches are literally completely covered with tassels, and they are not high. Such a thicket is called urema. Where there are many berries, their collection is, of course, easy. It is more difficult to collect bird cherry in crippled thickets. Reasonable people, of course, do not break, do not spoil the berry land. For a long time, fresh fruits are stored, shifted by foliage. A box or sieve filled with bird cherry tassels is placed in a cool place, preferably in a cellar. Take as needed, until autumn. Later, the berries begin to sour, lose their sweet-sour taste. So that the bird cherry is not translated in the house, it is best to dry it. You can dry it in the sun and in the oven. The berries are laid out in a thin layer, otherwise they will stick together, turn sour. If drying is carried out in the oven, then the initial temperature should not exceed 50 degrees, and the final 60-65. Bird cherry dries out two and a half times, that is, out of ten kilograms of raw berries, four dry ones are obtained. When the fruits dry, they are ground, freeing one hundred stalks. Foreign impurities are also removed. Store dried berries in a canvas bag or in a box lined with paper on the inside. Dried bird cherry does not lose its merits up to five years. Berries that have been stored for a long time become grayish - from the appearance of sugar. Not bad dried berries crush or grind. Bird cherry flour is the original filling for pies. This flour is also added to the dough for baking cookies. Mousse is cooked from fresh bird cherry, a delicious liqueur is prepared. For pouring, ripe fruits are scattered on a clean rag, leaving them like that for three days. Then the bird cherry is poured into a sieve and placed in a non-hot oven or in the oven. Dried berries are crushed, poured into a bottle up to the shoulders, poured with clean water and insisted for six weeks. After that, the liquid is drained, sugared, and the liqueur is ready. It tastes like a cherry with a crushed stone. Cherry is a medicinal plant. Decoctions and infusions from its fruits and leaves are not inferior to blueberries - a proven astringent gastric remedy. Indeed, the pulp of the fruit contains tannins, valuable organic acids, and the seeds contain the glycoside amygdalin. A good antidiarrheal agent is jelly made from ground fruits. Bird cherry leaf tea has approximately the same effect. Traditional medicine also uses the bark of this tree: it is used as a diuretic and diaphoretic. Decoctions of the bark (taken in a ratio of 1:10) are treated for rheumatism and gout. Bird cherry flowers did not remain without application. Lotions from them treated some eye diseases. In fact, bird cherry is one of the oldest food and medicinal plants. It is not without reason that the bones of the fruits of this tree are found during excavations of piled buildings dating back to the Stone and Bronze Ages. From time immemorial, viscous bird-cherry wood has also been used: arches for harnesses, figured blanks for furniture were bent from it; thick rods went to hoops for tubs. Nowadays, obsolete trunks of bird cherry are used for turning crafts, because this old wood is hard, resilient with a beautiful brownish-yellow core. The bark of our dear tree also has an economic property. Once upon a time, strong green and brown paints were obtained from the bark. The benefit of bird cherry is also that bees take a generous tribute from its flowers in the form of nectar and pollen. When luxurious white brushes begin to smell sweet in the garden, look how many bees and bumblebees pilgrimage here! And none of them fly away from bird cherry without alms.
Bird cherry - unpretentious. Of course, on fertile soils she is especially free, but she puts up with poor loams. If only the groundwater was shallow, to which the bird cherry is a big fan. That is why, more luxurious than anywhere else, wild cherry trees grow along rivers and on riverine floodplains. Thickets of this tree species are good in damp, low-shaded undergrowth, along ravines and along floodplain meadows. In addition to being undemanding to soils, bird cherry is also very winter-hardy. The tree propagates by seeds and cuttings. If you want to propagate bird cherry in your garden, it is not necessary to transplant young trees from the forest. Bird cherry can also be bred with seeds, but they should be sown in the fall, picking up areas with fairly fertile soil. The next year, shoots will appear in the spring, which must be fenced off so that they do not trample. Whoever acquires seeds late, say in winter, must stratify the seeds. This technique is as follows: the seeds are immersed in clean, damp sand, poured into a box or clay pot, and placed in a cool place, in a cellar or cellar. When the seeds begin to peck, the box is taken out and placed in the snow. It happens in February. After two months, the seeds are sown in the ground. Seedlings will appear in May. And if the bird cherry is not prevented from growing, in three years it “swings out” up to one and a half meters. The tree will tie the first fruits at the age of five. Bird cherry care comes down to watering in dry summers and top dressing. Bird cherry also propagates by cuttings. Cut them in the spring, at the time of sap flow. And in the forest, bird cherry reproduces by root offspring, shoots from a stump, and also with the help of rhizomes. This ability of bird cherry to capture new territories would be nice to use when afforesting ravines and river banks; The roots of the tree will firmly protect the soil from erosion. Where bird cherry grows, the air is clean and healthy. After all, the smelly plant has bactericidal properties - it kills harmful microflora. In gardens, bird cherry repels flies and other annoying insects, giving the homestead plot coziness and attractiveness. Among other things, decoctions from its bark can drive insects from other fruit plantations - from gooseberries, raspberries, currants. The bird cherry bark, as well as its flowers, contains many active phytoncides - plant poisons. They also kill harmful insects. By the way, whoever breaks the bird cherry and brings flowering brooms into the house, undoubtedly, harms not only the tree, but also himself. These broom bouquets exude so many phytoncides in the room that those present there feel dizzy, and even more severely unwell. Bird cherry is beautiful only in the fresh air. Author: Strizhev A.N.
Blueberry. Features of planting and growing
Regular consumption of blueberries (and it does not matter whether they grew in a swamp or in your garden) helps to slow down the aging process of the brain and rejuvenate the body as a whole. And thanks to a unique combination of organic acids, phenolic compounds and plant hormones, blueberries improve the functioning of the thyroid gland, protect against atherosclerosis and heart disease, have a vasodilating, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, choleretic, diuretic and radioprotective effect. Growing garden blueberries is different from growing most garden crops. The reason is the special preferences of this berry. If you want to reap a good harvest of blueberries every year, plant not one, but several different varieties of the plant, as this crop needs to be cross-pollinated. The soil. Blueberries, unlike most horticultural crops, prefer soils with a high level of acidity (pH not higher than 3-5). For this reason, the berry grower will feel most comfortable on peat, sandy and sandy loamy soils. If the soil in your garden does not meet these parameters, fill the planting holes with a special soil mixture consisting of 4 parts of red high-moor peat, 5 parts of softwood sawdust and 5 part of sand. Landing place. First of all, you need to find the right place for blueberries. Blueberry is a light-loving plant, so for planting it, choose a well-lit area, located on a small hill. However, it must be protected from drafts and cold northern winds. The south side of a house, gazebo or other building is well suited for growing blueberries. With a lack of sun, the plant will develop worse, and the taste and size of the fruit will also change for the worse. An ideal place would be a place where other shrubs or trees have not grown for a long time. Landing time. Blueberries can be planted in both autumn and spring. Spring planting is carried out before the buds bloom on the plant, autumn - from mid-autumn, after harvest. Spring planting is preferable, because before the winter cold, the bush has time to take root and the plant more easily tolerates the unfavorable period of the year. After planting, mulch the soil around the bush and, if there is a danger of returning frosts, cover it with a spunboard. Autumn planting is more risky, because in the case of early winter, blueberries will not have time to take root in a new place and therefore may not withstand severe frosts. Before planting, remove all weak shoots, and shorten strong ones by half. After planting, mulch the trunk circle, and cover the plant with non-woven material or burlap. If you purchased a blueberry seedling in a container, then you can plant it at any time: in spring, autumn and even summer. Landing. Landing hole. The size of the planting hole for blueberries depends on the type of soil. Usually they are recommended to do the following sizes:
Roots. It is impossible to plant blueberry seedlings with tangled and bent inward roots, because for the first few years they will develop very poorly, and then they may die altogether. To avoid this, shortly before planting, lower the seedlings (if they are in containers, then lower them together with the container) for 10-15 minutes in water, and then carefully remove them from the containers and carefully untangle the intertwining roots with your hands. Place blueberry seedlings in the pit in such a way that, after filling with the substrate, they are 5-6 cm deeper than they grew before. Form watering holes (holes) around the bushes and pour at least 5 liters of water into each of them. When the water is absorbed, mulch the tree trunks with sawdust or litter of coniferous forests (layer thickness - 5-8 cm). This will prevent moisture from evaporating. Top dressing. On the roots of blueberries is mycorrhiza - a mycelium of symbiotic species of fungi. It is thanks to her that the plant receives minerals and water from the soil. Mycorrhiza can only live in an acidic environment. When organic fertilizers are applied (humus, compost, chicken manure, etc.), the soil becomes alkaline and the mycorrhiza dies. As a result, the bush ceases to absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil and soon dies. For this reason, fertilizing blueberries with organic matter is prohibited. To acidify the soil, water blueberries twice a month with a solution of citric acid (2 teaspoons per 2 liters of water) or 3% vinegar (9-150 ml per 200 liters of water). Despite the fact that blueberries are considered undemanding crops to soil fertility, they need to be regularly fed with mineral fertilizers. Usually three such top dressings are carried out per season:
For fertilizing garden blueberries, any chlorine-free complex fertilizers are suitable. Based on the age of the plant, their dosage varies from 1 to 16 tbsp. spoons per season. If the soil in your area is slightly acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline, in addition to the main dressings, add ammonium sulfate twice a season (according to the instructions). The lack of various mineral elements can be judged by the following signs:
You can fill the lack of one or another element with the help of a complex of fertilizers.
Watering. Remember that this plant suffers greatly from both lack of moisture and its excess. The first weeks after planting, while the plants are still getting used to the new place of residence, make sure that the topsoil always remains moist. In the future, everything depends on the weather. If it is cool and rainy outside, the bushes can not be watered, but if the weather is warm and rain is not expected, water the blueberries every 3-4 days at the rate of 10 liters of water per adult bush. July and August are not only the time of active blueberry fruiting, but also the laying of buds for the next year's harvest. During this period, the bushes especially need regular watering. If this is neglected, you will not only miss part of this year's harvest, but also jeopardize next year's harvest. In hot and dry weather, blueberry care should also include spraying the bushes. It is carried out during the peak of high temperatures (at 12-13 and at 15-16 hours). Don't ignore this trick as it helps reduce plant stress and improves photosynthesis. Pruning. The best time to prune blueberries is early spring, before the plants bud. Pruning 2-5-year-old bushes is to form a strong skeleton. At this stage, simply remove weak branches, as well as diseased, damaged and close to the ground shoots. Pruning older bushes (6 years and older) directly depends on what you want to achieve in the end. If it is more important for you to grow large berries, and the final yield of the bush is not an end in itself, cut all shoots over 5 years old into a stump at each pruning. If your goal is to collect the highest possible yield from each bush, cut only those shoots that have reached 6-7 years of age. And, of course, do not forget to remove all bush thickening, damaged shoots lying on the ground, as well as branches with signs of disease. Of the young annual growths, each year leave three to five of the most powerful and well developed. Frost protection. Blueberry flowers are able to withstand frost down to minus 7 ° C, so you don’t have to worry about plants during return spring frosts. But it’s worth thinking about winter shelter. In winter, most varieties of garden blueberries are able to withstand frosts down to minus 30 ° C, and some to minus 35 ° C and below. But that's assuming it's snowing. If the winter turns out to be snowless and frosty, freezing of the bushes cannot be avoided. To prevent this, cover your plantings for the winter with agrofiber, burlap or other breathable material (but not with plastic wrap) or tie the bushes with spruce branches. Also, high hilling of bushes (especially young ones) with peat, sawdust or spruce litter will not be superfluous. In the spring, as soon as the ground thaws, the mulch layer must be removed. Author: Zorina A.
Common blueberry (bog blueberry, marsh blueberry, low blueberry), Vaccinium uliginosum. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
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Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Common blueberry (bog blueberry, marsh blueberry, low blueberry), Vaccinium uliginosum. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The common blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) is a shrub that can often be found in northern regions, swamps and forests. Its berries contain many vitamins and antioxidants, they are used to make desserts, compotes, jams and juices. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing blueberries: Cultivation:
Preparation and storage:
See also Article Blueberry. Features of planting and growing
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