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HOME WORKSHOP
Desktop drilling machine. home workshop
At first, like most beginner radio amateurs, I drilled mounting holes in printed circuit boards using a universal tool - an electric drill. But, as it turned out, to obtain small holes (less than 3 mm in diameter), and even high accuracy, a hand-held electric drill is a bad helper. Having broken a lot of drills and ruined several boards, I came to the conclusion that the technology needs to be changed and I cannot do without a drilling stand. When, having searched in stores and in the markets, I didn’t find a suitable drill for my old drill, I decided to make a small desktop drilling machine, since some of the mechanisms and materials for it were available, and first of all, an electric motor and cartridge. Before starting production, I determined what kind of machine I needed. The two most common designs are known. The first is when a rotating tool is fed to a workpiece fixed on the table. The second - when the table, together with the workpiece, is fed to the cutting tool. I decided to use the first option. The design of the machine is quite simple, and the dimensions are relatively small height x length x width - 410x315x250 mm. The latter value is determined by the width of the base (serving as a desktop) made of duralumin sheet 10 mm thick. The base is "sprung" with rubber legs from some devices attached to its corners from below. A stand made of a steel rod with a diameter of 28 mm and a height of 400 mm is fixed on the base, on which all the mechanisms are placed. As for the mechanics of the machine, it can be divided into three main components: the drive, the drilling head, and the mechanism for feeding the tool to the workpiece. At the heart of the drive is an electric motor from a morally obsolete, and therefore unnecessary, Tula washing machine. 180 W motor with 1370 rpm. It is mounted on one arm of the rocker - a steel plate 4 mm thick. By the way, the engine did not even need repair, but only maintenance - cleaning the collector and removing graphite dust from slightly worn brushes.
The drive pulley of the V-belt drive is fitted tightly on the key on the motor shaft. The driven pulley is mounted in the same way on the shaft of the drilling head located at the opposite end of the rocker arm. The rotational moment from the pulley to the pulley is transmitted by an annular V-belt of profile "0" and a length of 750 mm. The belt is industrially made, and the pulleys are homemade, duralumin, two-stage. By turning over or rearranging the pulleys on the shafts of the electric motor and the drilling head, you can get a different number of revolutions of the cutting tool. The drilling head is the most critical unit of the machine. In its manufacture, it was necessary to observe strict alignment of all parts in order to minimize the runout of the tool and provide the required tolerances for the fit of the bearings. And therefore, having neither a lathe nor sufficient experience in working on it, I ordered this unit to specialists. The shaft in the drilling head is mounted in two 201 bearings. Tool holder - taper chuck No. 2 - industrial production. The drive is mounted on the rocker arm, and the rocker arm is attached with four M4 screws to the main bushing, put on the rack rod, with its middle part. For safety, the V-belt transmission is closed on top with a casing made of 2 mm duralumin sheet. The drilling head with the rocker is only docked; or rather, it is drawn to it with a long self-tapping screw by means of a console connecting the head bearing housing with the main sleeve. But the body, console and sleeve are rigidly interconnected - by welding. The sleeve has the ability to move freely (but without much play) down - under the pressure of the hand on the handle-lever, and up - under the action of a spring.
The "fulcrum" of the movement mechanism is a clamp, which is first put on the rack and fixed on it with three M6 locking screws. Depending on the size (height) of the workpiece being processed, the "fulcrum" can be moved up or down the rack. The ability to rotate the "fulcrum" on the stand (and with it the drilling head) at an angle of 90 ° and install the machine on the edge of the table allows you to drill holes in long (slightly higher than the table) narrow parts and even on wide edges. For greater convenience in processing small parts clamped in vices or even pliers, an additional small work table has been made. It has the ability to rotate both around its axis and around the main rack. The first option allows you to drill holes in parts at an angle to their surface. It, like the clamp, is fixed on the main rack, but not with screws, but with a terminal clamp. The thermal relay protecting against overloads and capacitors, which ensure the start-up and normal operation of the electric motor, were also taken from an outdated Tula washing machine. Wires and switches - from unnecessary household appliances. Author: Yu.Kurbakov
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