Proportional voltage regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Regulators of current, voltage, power

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In electrical engineering practice, there is often a need to have a power supply with an adjustable output voltage over a wide voltage range. It is often necessary to solve the problem of optimizing the number of outputs, the control range, and the switching step.

I propose a method for calculating and constructing an alternating voltage regulator with switching taps from the primary and secondary windings of a power transformer, when the change in voltage in the regulation step is proportional to the value of the set voltage. The step is a power-law dependence of the ratio of output voltages (maximum and minimum) on the number of control stages and switch positions. The coefficient of voltage change in each regulation step is constant throughout the entire regulation range.

The most satisfactory solution may be when a larger number of control steps with a small number of switchings is obtained by multiplying the number of switched taps from the primary winding by the number of switched taps from the secondary winding with a regulation step increasing as we move to higher output voltages.

To calculate the number of turns in the power transformer of such a regulator, the following initial data are required:

• the number of turns per 1 V of the network winding, w1 (the number of turns per 1 V is determined during the general calculation of the transformer);
• number of turns per 1 V of the secondary winding, w2;
• maximum output voltage of the regulator, Um;
• minimum output voltage of the regulator, Um;
• number of taps from the network winding, N1;
• number of taps from the secondary winding, N2 (the number of taps in both cases is equal to the number of positions of the existing switches).

Using these data, we find the coefficient for calculating the optimal number of turns to taps in the primary winding

К1=[Uм/Um] 1/(N1N2 -1).

The number of turns in the network winding to taps from the 1st to the N1st

Wsj = 220w1K1(j-1),

where j is the serial number of the tap from the network winding.

Coefficient for calculating the number of turns to taps in the secondary winding

K2 = K1N1.

Number of turns in the secondary winding before taps from 1st to N2nd

W2i = w2UмK1(N1-1) К2(i-1),

where i is the serial number of the tap from the secondary winding.

If the secondary winding works on a diode bridge, then to obtain rectified voltages equal to the calculated ones, we determine the number of turns to the taps in the secondary winding

W2i = w2(2 + UmK1(iN1 - 1).

Regulator output voltage for each switch combination

Uout = 220 W2i w1/(W1j w2).

As an example, the results of calculating a proportional regulator for 20 voltages from 3 to 36 V based on switches for 4 positions in the network winding and 5 positions in the secondary winding are given (Fig. 1, a). The calculation was performed for a power transformer on the core from the TS-180 transformer from the power supply of tube TVs with the number of turns per volt 3,4 for the mains winding and 3,65 for the secondary winding.

The positions of the secondary winding switch and the number of turns to the taps are given in Table 1.

Table 1

The positions of the switch of the network winding P1, the numbers of the corresponding taps B1 and the number of turns to these taps N1 are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Output voltage, V

The output voltage of such a regulator is always equal to the number located “at the crosshairs” of the position numbers of the switches of the mains and secondary windings. Transformer core from TC-180. In the network winding 3,4 vit / V with taps from 1083; 900; 748. In the secondary: 3,6 vit/s; taps from 15; 26; 46; 80; 140.

Figure 1, b shows an example of the location of both switches and the order of reading the set output voltage by the numbers of the switch positions. Calculated data are given for a regulator on a transformer with a core from TS-180, with turns for one volt - 3,4 in the mains and 3,5 in the secondary and with switches for three positions in the mains winding and 5 positions in the secondary.

Figure 2a shows a diagram of a proportional voltage regulator made on the basis of a TS-180 transformer without rewinding its primary windings.

The number of turns to taps in the secondary windings of sections T1:

In network windings, two terminals for 110 and 127 V are used for switching during regulation. The turns ratio in the primary winding is K1 = 1,1547, and since the switch in the network winding has two positions, then K2 = 1,33. The full range of regulation is determined by the number of switch positions in the secondary winding. One extreme voltage is specified, the second is obtained from the calculation

Ub / Um \u1d K2 (2N1-XNUMX).

Figure 2b shows the output voltages of such a regulator with a secondary winding switch of 5 positions and an upper voltage of 28 V.

Electrolytic capacitors for filtering rectified voltage must be at least 40% higher than the rated highest output voltage operating voltage.

Author: A.N. Romanenko

See other articles Section Regulators of current, voltage, power.

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