История нового времени. Значение периода нового времени (самое важное)

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История нового времени. Значение периода нового времени (самое важное)

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2. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEW TIME PERIOD

The significance of the period of the New Age for the development of human society as a whole is very great. In the period of modern times, strong absolutist states were formed in Europe, having national borders, one dominant religion (the religion of the monarch), and one indigenous nationality. At the same time, within the boundaries of its state, absolutism could restrain the destructive wars of "all against all." At the same time, under the influence of changes in economic life, the composition of society also changed: the bourgeoisie grew in numbers and strengthened its influence on the political life of states, the decline of the landed aristocracy, the weakening of the peasantry began.

With the growth of the bourgeoisie, there was an increase in entrepreneurship, traditional methods of managing the economy began to give way to the capitalist way of life, and capitalism began to develop. The main content of the Modern Age period was the gradual destruction of the traditional society and the emergence of the features of a new, industrial society, which is characterized by the growth of industrial production.

The significance of the New Age period is also great due to the Great geographical discoveries made by the Spaniards, the Portuguese, the British, etc. Great geographical discoveries became possible in European countries. They were dictated by both economic and scientific goals in the knowledge of the Earth. The discovery of the New World (America) and the first trips around the world influenced the economic development of European countries. The influx into Europe of a large amount of precious metals and various goods contributed to the development of manufactories and trade, and then to the destruction of traditional methods of farming and the development of capitalism. As a result of the industrial revolution in Europe, a rapid growth in factory production began with an increase in the number of workers and owners of these industries - manufacturers, breeders.

Church reform

The development of the new European society led to the realization of the need for church reform. For many believers, the secularization of consciousness and awareness of their dignity has led to a denial of the role of the church and priests as mediators between God and man. Believers began to speak out for the reform of the church, for the right to communicate with God themselves, to pray and read the Bible in their native language. At the same time, a movement of Protestants arose. As a result, Europe was split by religious wars, and then the position of theology weakened, it gradually gave way to the dominant place in the sciences of nature and man. In the XVIII century. in Europe, a scientific revolution began, which led European society to the realization that reason and experiment are the decisive means of assessing the truth of knowledge. The educated people of Europe began to consider the world as a machine operating without the constant intervention of God or evil spirits, they learned to look for an explanation of the causes and patterns of phenomena and processes with the help of mathematics and the laws of mechanics.

The period of modern times is of great importance as a period with frequent revolutions in Europe and America, which prepared the foundation for future legal states, where the rights of the individual were regulated not by tradition, but by law. The reasons for the revolutions were different: the discrepancy between the interests of different segments of the population, the clash of different worldviews, the desire for national and state independence. So it was in the Netherlands, England, the English colonies in North America and France. Revolutions started when governments were late with reforms.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

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