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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of modern times. First International (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) 71. FIRST INTERNATIONAL The creation of the International Association of Workers - the First International was largely prepared by the previous activities of Marx, Engels and their associates, the formation of the first cadres of proletarian revolutionaries who left the ranks of the communist union, and the growing influence of the ideas of scientific communism. The establishment of international proletarian ties was facilitated by the presence of French and German workers at the World Industrial Exhibition in London, organized in 1862. At a meeting in London on July 22, 1863 in St. James Hall, an agreement was reached on the creation of an international association. The First International and the Brewing of a New Revolutionary Crisis in Europe On September 28, 1864, in London, in the hall of public meetings of St. Martin's Hall, an international meeting was held under the chairmanship of the English radical professor of history Beasley. K. Marx, who was invited to this meeting, was on its presidium. The meeting proclaimed the founding of an international proletarian organization, elected a steering committee to carry out organizational measures and convene an international workers' congress in the near future. As a result of Karl Marx's active work, the new international organization based its program on a number of programmatic and organizational principles of scientific communism. On September 3-8, 1866, the First Congress of the International Workingmen's Association was held in Geneva, which was attended by 60 delegates - representatives of the Central Council of the First International and workers' organizations in England, France, Germany, Switzerland. At this Congress, the supporters of Karl Marx fought against the Proudhonists, who reflected the mood of the petty-bourgeois strata of the working class in France, Belgium and some other countries. In bitter disputes with the Proudhonists, Marx's supporters, active participants in the congress - Jung, Dupont, Eccarius and other delegates to the Central Council of the First International managed to achieve the adoption of a number of points of the "Instructions" compiled by Marx as congress resolutions: on the international actions of the working class, on the 8-hour working day, About children's and women's labor, about trade unions, about the liquidation of standing armies. At all the congresses of the First International, Marx and his supporters waged polemics and a stubborn struggle not only against Proudhonism, but also against the new anti-proletarian current of the petty-bourgeois-anarchist persuasion - Bakuninism. By September 1866, the First International had tens of thousands of members in a number of countries - England, France, Belgium, Switzerland. In March 1870, the Russian section, consisting of revolutionary emigrants N.I., joined the First International. Utina, A.D. Trusova, V.I. Barteneva, E.L. Dmitrieva-Tomanovskaya and others. Members of the First International took an active part in organizing the strike struggle, which intensified especially as a result of the economic crisis of 1866-1867, as well as in the open political struggle for the rights of workers in different countries. Sections of the 1st International published newspapers, various brochures with articles by K. Marx, F. Engels and their associates, in which fierce polemics and criticism of all varieties of anarchism-Proudhonism, Bakuninism were conducted. Members of the First International were persecuted by the ruling circles of European countries and America, including trials against them. As a result of numerous arrests among the leadership of the First International, the position of the Marxists weakened, which led to a split in 1870. In 1876, the First International broke up into several associations with the formation of various parties, including social democratic ones. Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V. << Back: Rise of Scientific Communism >> Forward: Industrial Revolution in the USA
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