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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of modern times. The socio-economic situation in the USA in the first half of the 19th century (the most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) 73. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE USA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY Features of the socio-economic situation in the USA in the first half of the 19th century. The American continent was populated by emigrants from the Old World (Europe), people with an active lifestyle who sought to get rich and secure a decent life. At the same time, a large-scale seizure of Indian lands took place with the displacement of the natives to less fertile lands or their extermination in the event of stubborn resistance by the settlers. The "liberated" lands in the south were occupied by planters, and in the north of the USA by farmers. In the first half of the XIX century. most of the Americans were employed in agriculture. The north and northwest were dominated by family farms, some of which produced products for sale. Farming spread westward in the wake of the continuous flow of European settlers. With the development of industry, the number of workers, entrepreneurs, and employees grew. Cheap factory goods replaced homemade tools and clothing in farmers' homes. In the western part of the country, the market for manufactured goods from the east was constantly growing. A real revolution in agriculture was made by Cyrus McCormick's harvester, who designed it in 1832. For a long time, the ideal for Americans was the path of a farmer - "a man who has no owner." The Industrial Revolution almost did not touch the South, where plantation farming predominated using slaves to grow cotton and other crops - tobacco, rice, sugar cane. During this period of time, there were about 4 million slaves in the United States, of which 2,5 million were employed in agriculture. Slaves were used not only on plantations, but also as domestic servants and artisans. Enacted in 1809, the law prohibiting the importation of slaves was violated, and they were smuggled in. At the same time, the law did not prohibit the use of blacks born in America as slaves. Prices for this living "commodity" were rising, and the prevailing ideology of racism did not condemn the status quo. The bulk of the slaves belonged to large planters. The southern regions of the United States were called so - the "black belt". The plantation aristocracy consisted of about 10 thousand families, and each of them existed at the expense of the labor of 50 or more slaves. But there were poorer slave owners who had from 1 to 5 slaves. The plantation economy of the US South worked for the market and became part of American capitalism, its feature. In the industrial North of the United States, the ideas of the Enlightenment were widely disseminated, which influenced the emergence of a negative attitude towards slavery in society. Therefore, since the 30s XNUMXth century in the United States, a massive nationwide abolitionist movement unfolded. The whole country was divided into supporters and opponents of slavery. Abolitionists provided assistance to blacks who fled from the planters to the North. Slave uprising in 1831 Slavery destroyed Negro families - when slaves were sold, members of the same family often ended up with different owners. And yet, Negro slaves created their own special art, their own religion, and most of the slaves managed to keep their families together. Negro slaves responded to cruel exploitation and torture by rebellions or flight to the North of the USA or to Canada. The most severe in consequences was the uprising of the Negro Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831. This slave took seriously the words from the Bible: "The first will be the last, and the last will be the first" - and at the same time believed that he was destined by God to free his people. The uprising was brutally suppressed by the troops, it cost a lot of blood to both whites and blacks. Nat Turner was executed. But the uprisings continued until the victory of the North over the slave-owning South. Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V. << Back: Industrial Revolution in the USA >> Forward: US Foreign Policy in the First Half of the XNUMXth Century
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