History of modern times. Evolutionary and revolutionary ways of development of society (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of modern times. Evolutionary and revolutionary ways of development of society (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

37. EVOLUTIONARY AND REVOLUTIONARY WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

Why are progressive changes accelerating rapidly in some societies, while others are frozen at the same economic, political and spiritual level? Mankind has always wanted to accelerate the development of the economy and society as a whole. But in different countries they achieved this in different ways - some by waging wars of conquest, others by carrying out progressive reforms aimed at transforming society and the economy. In the course of the history of the development of mankind, two ways of the development of society were determined - revolutionary and evolutionary.

Evolutionary path (the word "evolution" comes from the Latin word meaning "deployment") - the path of peaceful non-violent transformation of society was to calmly, without jerks and attempts to "jump over time", to help progress, i.e. to catch its main directions and to support them in every possible way, to quickly adopt the best practices of other states.

Supporters of the revolutionary path believed that for the sake of a good goal, a "bright future" (heaven on earth), all means are good, including violence. At the same time, in their opinion and conviction, everything that stands in the way of progress must be immediately discarded and destroyed. Revolution is generally understood as any (usually violent) change in the nature of the government of society. A revolution is a total change in all aspects of life that takes place over a certain period of time (usually short), a radical change in the nature of social relations.

Revolution (from the late Latin term, meaning "turn", "revolution", "breakthrough of gradualness") - this is a change in the internal structure of the system, which becomes a link between two evolutionary stages in the development of the system, this is a fundamental qualitative change, i.e. a leap. At the same time, reform is part of evolution, its one-time, one-time act. This means that evolution and revolution become necessary components of socio-historical development, forming a contradictory unity. Usually evolution is understood as quantitative changes, and revolution - as qualitative ones.

Each reformer of society understood "progress" in his own way. Accordingly, the "enemies of progress" also changed. It could be kings and presidents, feudal lords and bourgeois (for Peter I they were boyars), but the essence of this direction has always remained the same - to act quickly and mercilessly. The violent path, the path of revolution (in Latin - "coup") almost certainly turned out to be associated with destruction and numerous victims. In the process of development of socio-political thought, the views and practices of the supporters of the revolutionary path became more and more fierce and merciless. But still, until about the end of the XNUMXth century, before the French Revolution, the theory and practice of ideological and political currents developed mainly in the spirit of evolutionary views. To a certain extent, this was due to the cultural and moral traditions of the Renaissance and humanism, and then the Enlightenment, which rejected violence and cruelty.

Unique are in the late XVII - early XVIII centuries. reforms of Peter I, who began with cutting the beards of the boyars and ended with severe punishments in relation to the opponents of the reforms. These reforms of the Russian emperor were in the spirit of the revolutionary path of development of society. Ultimately, they contributed to significant progress in the development of Russia, strengthening its position in Europe and the world as a whole for many years to come.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

<< Back: The origins of new ideological and political trends and traditions in the XNUMXth century

>> Forward: The birth of liberalism and conservatism

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Materials Science. Lecture notes

▪ Operational-search activity. Crib

▪ Administrative law. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

New 8-bit flash microcontrollers 26.03.2004

MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY announced the launch of four new 8-bit flash microcontrollers with efficient power management features and optimized for battery-powered applications.

The new family of PIC16F microcontrollers have enhanced clock failure protection to perform reliable shutdown of the control system, such as in automotive applications.

Microchip sees a steady increase in demand for low cost microcontrollers with integrated features to reduce power consumption for longer battery life in many general purpose applications. The PIC16F737/747/767/777 microcontrollers have extended nanoWatt technology modes to provide complete power management.

Other interesting news:

▪ RAM smartphones reached 4 GB

▪ Kitchen salt asteroid

▪ Synchronous DC-DC Regulators Texas Instruments LM76002/3

▪ Antimatter falls down like normal matter

▪ Electricity from mushrooms

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Regulators of current, voltage, power. Article selection

▪ article by Abay Kunanbaev. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Which landlocked country has a navy? Detailed answer

▪ article Rosichka creeping. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Microcontrollers 8XC51GB from INTEL. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Protecting the power supply from a short circuit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews