История нового времени. Испания на рубеже XV-XVI вв (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

История нового времени. Испания на рубеже XV-XVI вв (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

13. SPAIN AT THE TURN OF THE XV-XVI CENTURIES

In the XV-XVI centuries. The Spanish colonial empire is formed. This process began with the voyage of Columbus in 1492 and the discovery of the New World, in connection with which the foundation of the Spanish colonial empire was laid. Not only Spain laid claim to possessions that became colonies of Spain. First of all, Portugal was a strong opponent. But in 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas was concluded on the division of overseas possessions between Spain and Portugal. This treaty, however, did not prevent Spain from subsequently significantly expanding the scope of its empire. France returned the border provinces of Catalonia to Ferdinand, and Aragon firmly held its position in Sardinia, Sicily and southern Italy.

Skillfully created family ties also contributed to the strengthening of the position of the Spanish Empire. In 1496, Isabella arranged the marriage of her son and daughter with the children of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg. In 1496, the son of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian of Habsburg, Philip the Beautiful, married Juana, Princess of Castile and Aragon. After the death of Isabella's son, the right to inherit the throne passed to her daughter Juana, the wife of the emperor's heir, Philip. When Juana showed signs of insanity, Isabella wished to make Ferdinand regent of Castile, but after the death of Isabella in 1504, Juan and Philip reigned on the throne, and Ferdinand was forced to retire to Aragon. After Philip's death in 1506, Ferdinand became regent for Juana, whose illness was progressing. Under him, Navarre was annexed to Castile. Ferdinand died in 1516 and was succeeded by his grandson Charles, son of Juana and Philip. Charles, born in Ghent in 1500, inherited the Habsburg possessions in Germany and the Netherlands. And after the death of Philip the Handsome in 1506, he became not only the ruler of the Netherlands, but also the King of Spain, Carlos I. In 1519, resorting to bribery, he became Emperor Charles V.

At the time when Charles was a minor, and later during his frequent departures to fulfill his duties as king of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, the government of the Netherlands was transferred to relatives, and then the country had to almost completely take over the financing of the Habsburg wars against France. However, Charles V annexed several more provinces of the Netherlands to his lands through peace agreements and seizures: Friesland in 1524, Utrecht and Overijssel in 1528, Groningen and Drenthe in 1536, Gelderland in 1543. He took measures to centralize the country , establishing the Privy Council, which had great administrative and financial powers, as well as management and finance councils for the provincial states, and formally united the 17 Dutch provinces and the Duchy of Burgundy in the so-called. Burgundian Ring within the Holy Roman Empire. As in Germany, he tried to stop the spread of the ideas of the Reformation in the Netherlands, and more successfully, because here among the adherents of the new faith there were no princes who would defend it from the emperor. Charles V forcefully suppressed the uprising of the revolutionary Anabaptists in Ghent in 1539-1540, and the cities of the Netherlands were deprived of their historical privileges and self-government. Nevertheless, during his reign the country prospered, and Antwerp became the most important center of European trade. Protected waters, such as the Zuider Zee and the arms of the Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt, attracted fishermen who built small coastal towns. To protect against floods in cities, the construction of durable dams was undertaken. The lands reclaimed from the sea were set aside for arable land.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

<< Back: Reformation in England

>> Forward: Power of Charles V

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ National economy. Crib

▪ Theory of Government and Rights. Crib

▪ History of world religions. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Lifestyle affects the future of offspring 16.11.2021

Australian scientists from the Medical University Georg Zimbruner conducted research in which they found that traumatic experiences, exercise and nutrition affect future children and grandchildren.

Experts deciphered the information contained in DNA and found out that our lives are determined by genes. However, lifestyle, environment and experiences during pregnancy affect fate.

The action of genes extends over three generations. They also depend on the diseases that a person will develop in the process of life.

Other interesting news:

▪ Taiwan makes more and more motherboards

▪ Smartphone Blu Studio 5.5

▪ Coffee is for women

▪ Upgradable Dual Layer DVD+/-RW Writer from Benq

▪ New technology increases LED brightness by seven times

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Electrical safety, fire safety. Article selection

▪ article Swan, Cancer and Pike. Popular expression

▪ article When did chemistry appear? Detailed answer

▪ article Galvanic current sources of disposable action. Directory

▪ article Quick conversion table dBm to volts and watts at a load of 50 ohms. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ Scarecrow article. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews