History of modern times. Reformation in Germany (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of modern times. Reformation in Germany (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

6. REFORMATION IN GERMANY

The great geographical discoveries changed the life of European society, and some church dogmas were refuted. The discoveries of scientists also contributed to the refutation of church teachings about the universe. In the XVI century. under the influence of discoveries, new ideas of humanists, new Christian doctrines appear, a large number of believers begin to depart from Catholicism and search for new worldview guidelines, the formation of new branches of the Christian religion. As a result, there was a split in the Roman Catholic Church with the formation of new Christian churches. This process was called the Reformation. Reformation comes from the word "reform" - transformation, reorganization. Concerning the Catholic Church

Reformation It is a movement to rebuild the church. This process occupies a whole epoch in the history of modern times. The Reformation is often referred to as the religious revolution.

Revolution - this is a steep coup, a turning point in people's lives. The Reformation was a revolution in the field of consciousness. The main reason for it was the crisis of the Catholic Church. The world changed, people changed, but the Catholic Church remained the same. Public prayers in Latin, fasting, cults of saints and relics, strict observance of rituals instead of the true faith - this no longer satisfied many, pushing them to search for another church, simpler and more sincere. Simultaneously with the growing changes in European society, there was a process of secularization of consciousness. This process consisted in the conversion of human consciousness to earthly worldly life. Man began to think not only about the divine, not only about the afterlife - his thoughts turned to everyday, real life. In the man of the era of the New Age, a thirst for knowledge, vigorous activity woke up. This manifested itself primarily in attempts to change the world around him: the transformation of nature, the reorganization of society, self-improvement.

The attempts of the Catholic Church to increase its vast wealth led to the growth of the spirit of profit in it, and this was not combined with Christian doctrine. Most of the papal officials engaged in shameless extortion. Without bribing the papal authorities and officials, it was impossible to draw up a single document in the papal office. They did not go to Rome without rich gifts - not only the cardinals, but also the pope himself took bribes. In the XVI century. trade in indulgences for the remission of sins of past and future deeds in Catholic countries took on the character of trade in simple goods and carried the spirit of self-interest and profit.

The actions and policies of the Catholic Church were especially indignant in fragmented Germany. The feudally fragmented Germany of that time was a collection of lands headed by spiritual rulers.

In the absence of a strong imperial power capable of protecting their subjects, as, for example, in France, they could not limit themselves in their own arbitrariness. As a result, various religious movements began to spread in German society, where the main emphasis was not on the external ritual expression of religiosity, but on the internal individual aspiration of a person to God.

Germany became the birthplace of the Reformation, where this movement was supported by some of the princes, the townspeople, and the peasantry. The German princes were dissatisfied with the interference of clergy in their affairs (moreover, they were not averse to appropriating part of the church lands), the townspeople were dissatisfied with the extortions of the monasteries located in the urban district, and the peasants with the increase in church holdings and huge extortions.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

<< Back: Socio-economic structure of European society at the end of the XNUMXth - beginning of the XNUMXth centuries

>> Forward: Peasant War in Germany (1524-1526)

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Social science. Crib

▪ Merchandising. Crib

▪ Finance. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Portable Influenza Finder 10.02.2017

In the near future, anyone will be able to identify the flu on their own. To do this, he will simply have to blow into a special portable breathing monitor. Based on the analysis of exhaled air, the device was invented by specialists from the University of Texas at Arlington (USA).

The device looks very similar to the breathalyser used by police officers to detect drunk drivers. The patient simply exhales air into the device, which uses semiconductor sensors, and the result lights up on the monitor. The difference lies in the fact that here we are talking about the detection in exhaled air of biomarkers associated exclusively with the influenza virus.

Scientists have done a lot of work to identify all known biomarkers present in the breath of a person suffering from this insidious viral disease, and then find a combination of sensors to detect them.

Researchers believe that such devices could be available in pharmacies, and people can diagnose themselves at a very early stage of the disease, without going to the doctor. This technology, in their opinion, will revolutionize personalized diagnostics, when they will be able to create devices for diagnosing other diseases, such as the Ebola virus, on the same principle. To do this, you just need to change the sensors.

Other interesting news:

▪ Smart t-shirt will prevent an asthma attack

▪ Fog Screen

▪ Super low sounds make people dance

▪ 12TB SSD storage AKiTiO Thunder2 Quad Mini

▪ Portable atomic clock

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site For a beginner radio amateur. Article selection

▪ article Emergencies in nature, preventive measures and priority actions. Basics of safe life

▪ article What is the height of the highest peak of the Earth? Detailed answer

▪ article Functional composition of Beijing TVs. Directory

▪ article Measuring the angle of the closed state of contacts (UZSK). Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Scheme, pinout (pinout) of the Alcatel One Touch cable. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews