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Portable atomic clock

31.01.2022

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the US Department of Defense announced the search for partners to create a portable optical atomic clock. They will have to be a hundred times better than today's most accurate portable watches.

Today, atomic clocks are the most accurate way to measure time. Their principle of operation is based on the fact that each atom can emit and absorb photons only with certain frequencies - resonant for it. Atomic clocks are microwave and optical. The former are used, among other things, in GPS satellites, the data of which the military uses in many operations. The microwave atomic clock is based on a microwave resonator tuned to the transition frequency in the atom. They allow you to measure time in seconds with an accuracy of 16 decimal places. Their accuracy is limited by the ability to measure and control deviations of tens of microhertz in the desired resonant frequency.

Optical atomic clocks use transitions in atoms as a standard, leading to the appearance of photons with a frequency in the optical range. Their resonant frequency is sometimes 100 times greater than that of their microwave predecessors. This makes it possible to achieve greater stability and reduce the relative statistical error in determining the time by a hundred times, that is, up to 10 to the minus 18 degree.

But in terms of size, optical atomic clocks today usually require a separate room in laboratories. In addition, these are very complex devices, and scientists correct their work.

The military is interested in two types of prototypes for different types of missions. The first watch must weigh less than five kilograms, consume less than 25 watts of power, operate autonomously for 10 days, and be resistant to changes in speed, vibration and temperature. The latter condition is necessary so that they can operate on air and space platforms such as tactical aircraft and satellites. The device must be a hundred times more accurate than the most accurate portable watch.

The second watch must weigh less than 200 kilograms and consume less than 400 watts. They are intended for more stable platforms, such as ships or land bases. They are expected to be able to go without manual adjustments for one month.

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