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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of modern times. Colonial War of Independence (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) 41. NORTH AMERICAN COLONY WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE The main prerequisite for the rupture of the thirteen North American colonies with England was the development of capitalism in them. The immediate cause that caused the mass movement against the metropolis in the 60s. XVIII century, and then the revolutionary war against her in 1775, was the policy of increased pressure and oppression that England began to implement in the colonies after the Seven Years' War. In search of additional sources to cover the budget deficit resulting from the Seven Years' War, the British government introduced direct and indirect taxation of the population of the American colonies. Having met with stubborn opposition, it decided to ensure the obedience of the colonies with the help of armed force. The policy of the metropolis infringed on the interests of not one class in the colonies, but of all classes. Such actions of the British authorities, as the deployment of troops in the colonies and the stamp duty law, caused a mass movement of protest, which went on at an increasing pace from 1765. On March 5, 1770, the first bloody clash between Americans and British troops took place on the streets of Boston: six workers were killed and as many wounded. A special public body formed in Boston, called the Committee of Correspondence, seized the actual power in this city and appealed to other colonies to follow its example. In the spring of 1773 similar committees were formed in Virginia and other colonies. In the winter of 1774-1775 armed detachments began to spring up spontaneously in the colonies. In the first battles at Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, the British troops encountered the tactics of loose formation. The partisans fired accurately from behind trees and buildings, while remaining invulnerable; during the fighting, the British lost a third of their soldiers. These events served as a signal for the widespread seizure of weapons by the people. Thus began the uprising against England. On May 10, 1775, the II Continental Congress met, which stated the state of war with England and on June 15 decided to organize the army. George Washington, a wealthy Virginian planter, was placed at its head. In the main seat of the uprising, Massachusetts, the insurgent detachments immediately surrounded Boston, the stronghold of the English troops, and kept it under siege for almost a year, until the English soldiers were taken out by sea. The regular American army was recruited from volunteers who joined it for a certain, often short, term. Washington's army was reduced every military winter, and replenished with new sets in the summer. Despite these difficulties, she generally fought successfully against the trained regular troops of the British. American soldiers were aware that they were defending their native lands, felt the active help of the population, especially partisan detachments, and themselves used partisan tactics. During the first war year, a number of colonies declared themselves independent states (states). During the war, the unity of the colonies was forged, the American nation was born. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the "Declaration of Independence". This day has become an American national holiday. But the war continued until October 19, 1781, when the English army of Cornwallis capitulated. Great military assistance to the Americans in the war of independence was provided by France, as well as Spain and Holland. Russia expressed support for the war of the American colonies for independence by sending two squadrons of warships to the shores of America (USA). Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V. << Back: The Industrial Revolution in England in the XNUMXth century >> Forward: North America in the XNUMXth century
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