История нового времени. Внешняя политика США в первой половине XIX в (самое важное)

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История нового времени. Внешняя политика США в первой половине XIX в (самое важное)

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74. FOREIGN POLICY OF THE USA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

When the Revolutionary War ended, the US territory extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi, and by the middle of the 1803th century. it has already expanded to the Pacific Ocean. The expansion of US territory began in 15, when the US purchased Louisiana from France for $1803 million. This area was a huge area west of the Mississippi. The sale of Louisiana was authorized by Napoleon Bonaparte, who needed financial resources to wage wars of conquest in Europe. With the annexation of Louisiana in 1810, the size of the US territory almost doubled. When buying Louisiana, the Americans did not even realize its size, and the French did not know very well what they were selling. Further, US foreign policy takes on an aggressive character - in 1821-XNUMX. Its colony of Florida is captured from a weakening Spain. Florida has attracted the attention of the United States as an area with excellent natural conditions. The mild, warm climate that prevailed in this territory had a favorable effect on the productivity of the fertile land of Florida. In addition, there is a strategically important city - the port of New Orleans - in the Mississippi River Delta and on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. With the capture of Florida, the United States gained access to the rich countries of South America, and most importantly, to a huge market for American goods. The capture of Florida occurred gradually, with frequent incursions by American troops, pursuing either fugitive blacks or Indian tribes.

As the United States grew stronger economically, the aggressiveness of its foreign policy towards its closest neighbors increased. In 1818, the northeastern part of Louisiana, which belonged to England, was captured, and in 1842, a small “piece” of territory adjacent to the valley of the St. John River and bordering the northeastern US state of Maine, where there were extensive forests ( and American enterprises and people were in great need of timber).

Expansion of US territory by seizing land from Mexico

The planters of the US South were very attracted to the fertile lands of Texas, New Mexico and California, which belonged to Mexico. They initiated and subsidized the operation to capture Texas in 1845, and during the two-year war of 1846-1848. - New Mexico and California. After the capture of California in 1848, gold was found here, and the "gold rush" began. In 1846, the United States captured Oregon, which belonged to England, where there were large forest areas. As a result, by 1850 the territory of the United States had quadrupled, and the western border began to run along the Pacific coast.

As a result of large-scale seizures in the first half of the XIX century. The US economy received a strong impetus to further development.

US foreign policy in Latin America in the first half of the 1823th century. was aimed at supporting the liberation struggle of its peoples against the Spanish and Portuguese colonial regimes. At the same time, US assistance was expressed in the provision of weapons to Latin American rebels. The ultimate goal of US foreign policy in this region was to expand the market for American goods and increase influence on new states. The US foreign policy was based on the Monroe Doctrine - the American president, who in XNUMX put forward the formula "America for the Americans", which in fact meant "All America for the USA". At the same time, the idea was promoted that the United States is the protector of all Latin American countries. The United States included the whole of Latin America in its zone of interests and pursued an active foreign policy in this region.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

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