History of modern times. "Glorious Revolution" in England (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of modern times. "Glorious Revolution" in England (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

21. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND

"Glorious Revolution" - the name of the coup d'état of 1688-1689, accepted in historical literature. in England (the removal from the throne of James II Stuart and the proclamation of William III of Orange as king), as a result of which the rights of the crown were limited.

At the end of the 1670s. the parliamentary opposition in England took shape in the Whig party, and the supporters of the king were called the Tories. The former relied on the nobility and the bourgeoisie, while the latter relied on the old feudal nobility, the royal court, and officials.

Under James II (1685-1688), the feudal-absolutist reaction to the opposition assumed its most ferocious character. General fear for their safety prompted even a significant part of the Tories to recoil from the king. Opposition leaders prepared a conspiracy to expel James and invite the stadtholder of Holland, William of Orange, to the English throne. The organizers of the coup hoped that William of Orange would not claim supremacy over parliament, and in addition, his invitation to the throne would provide England with a union and alliance with Holland against France.

In November 1688, William of Orange landed with an army in England. James II fled to the protection of Louis XIV. In early 1689, Parliament elevated William of Orange to the throne, and in the autumn of that year adopted a Bill of Rights that deprived the king of the right to repeal or suspend laws issued by Parliament, impose taxes and raise an army without the consent of Parliament. The Bill of Rights finally secured in England the supremacy of Parliament over royal power and the regime of a limited constitutional monarchy. This document legally formalized the completed coup d'etat and laid the legal foundations for the constitutional monarchy, that is, bourgeois statehood, which began to take shape in England as a result of the revolution of the middle of the 1688th century. The coup of XNUMX and the Bill of Rights were an expression of compromise between the nobility and the bourgeoisie and contributed to the further capitalist development of the country.

The consequences of the English Revolution were important. As a result of the revolution and coup of 1688, the new nobility and the bourgeoisie were able to use state power to accelerate the capitalist development of the country by carrying out massive enclosures and driving peasants off the land, profitable government loans, taxation, colonial conquests, and encouragement of trade and industry. The consequence of this was that England was the first to survive the industrial revolution and subsequently became the first great industrial capitalist power, far ahead of other European states in its development.

Despite the limited nature of the coup of 1688, it was important for the subsequent development of English capitalism. The establishment of a constitutional monarchy meant real access to power for the big bourgeoisie and the bourgeois nobility. For the propertied classes of England, the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 really did a lot, providing them with the possibility of unlimited accumulation of capital at the expense of the masses of the people of Great Britain itself and due to the robbery and ruthless exploitation of the population of its many colonies scattered in different parts of the world.

The main result of the coup - the strengthening of the constitutional monarchy - corresponded to the needs of bourgeois progress in the country, meant the transfer of supreme power to parliament, in whose hands legislative and partially executive functions were concentrated, curtailed by the king. With the final elimination of absolutism, the coup consolidated in the political sphere the successes of the revolution of the middle of the XNUMXth century.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

<< Back: The establishment of capitalist relations in England

>> Forward: England in the XNUMXth century Restoration of the Stuarts

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Agricultural law. Crib

▪ Traumatology and orthopedics. Crib

▪ History and theory of religions. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

LM5115 high-frequency regulator-controller microcircuit 20.02.2005

NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR Corporation announced the release of the LM5115 high-frequency regulator-controller microcircuit, which operates in power supplies with an output voltage of up to 75 V.

When paired with a DC / DC converter, the overall synchronization of these devices is ensured.

Other interesting news:

▪ Universal power controller for mobile applications

▪ RAM smartphones reached 4 GB

▪ On the river - like on the highway

▪ Charging implants with ultrasound

▪ Smart toothbrush ISSALEXA

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Audio and video surveillance. Selection of articles

▪ article Life is good and life is good. Popular expression

▪ article What are men afraid of? Detailed answer

▪ article Demercurization measures. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Installation of external electrical wiring. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Charger with discrete charging current setting. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews