History of modern times. Results of the great French revolution (the most important)

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History of modern times. Results of the great French revolution (the most important)

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28. RESULTS OF THE GREAT FRENCH REVOLUTION

French Revolution 1789-1794 was indeed a great revolution. It did away with the feudal system, with the remnants of the Middle Ages, and paved the way for the development of a new, progressive system for that time - capitalism. The Great French Revolution also put an end to the monarchy, established a new order that promotes the development of both the economy and social thought, art, science - all areas of the material and spiritual life of French society.

Over the next century, revolutionary movements in Europe and America used the experience of the Great French Revolution - its slogans of freedom, equality and fraternity, its practical actions to establish bourgeois democracy and order.

The French Revolution took place almost a century and a half later than the English. If in England the bourgeoisie opposed the royal power in alliance with the new nobility, then in France it opposed the king and the nobility, relying on the broad plebeian masses of the city and the peasantry.

The participation of the popular masses left its mark on all the outstanding events of the revolution; it was at their request and under their direct pressure that the most important revolutionary acts and measures were carried out. The revolution developed along an ascending line, and it achieved its boldest and most effective results in 1793 during the Jacobin dictatorship, when the influence of the popular masses was strongest. Based on this experience, the founder of scientific communism, K. Marx, in the middle of the XNUMXth century, developed a theory about the need for the dictatorship of the proletariat in making a socialist revolution.

The bourgeois-democratic content of the Great French Revolution was to "cleanse" the social relations (orders, institutions) of the country from the Middle Ages, from serfdom, from feudalism. The successes of this revolution led to the rapid growth of capitalism and at the same time contributed to the formation and growth of the proletariat. The French Revolution, despite its enormous progressive role and revolutionary influence on most countries and peoples, was bourgeois-limited in its results. It did not abolish the exploitation of man by man, but only replaced feudal forms of oppression with capitalist ones.

Under the influence of the events of the French Revolution, the Third Republic in the XIX century. made the Marseillaise her anthem and the tricolor flag her banner. At the Sorbonne (University of Paris), the teaching of the course of the French Revolution was introduced, a special scientific journal was founded, and the publication of archival documents from the time of the revolution of 1789-1794 began with state subsidies. Since that time, researchers have begun to rely on a wide range of scientific material, and not by chance that arose in the 80s. 1789th century the school of the history of the French Revolution was called "scientific". The first work in France that paid due attention to the socio-economic history of the Great French Revolution was the "Socialist History" by J. Jaurès. This book was based on the use of a huge archival material on the revolution of 1794-XNUMX. and was written by J. Zhores for ordinary workers and peasants.

The Great French Revolution "gave birth" to a great figure, the future Emperor of France - Napoleon Bonaparte, the creator of a vast empire at the beginning of the 1789th century. in Europe. Napoleon's comrades-in-arms were people from among the common people who went through the harsh school of the revolution of 1794-XNUMX, they were also his support in advancing to power. Thus, the Great French Revolution was an important and main prerequisite for the creation of the Napoleonic Empire.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

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