Labor protection instruction for a slinger

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Labor protection instruction for a slinger

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

1.1. This Instruction is intended for slingers of all types of cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons, controlled from the floor, which are not subject to registration with the State Technical Supervision Authority, and when working with forklifts.

1.2. Compliance with the requirements of these Instructions is a necessary condition for the safety of slingers.

1.3. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a preliminary medical examination, trained in a special program, certified by a qualification commission and received the appropriate certificate for the right to carry out work are appointed as slingers.

1.4. In the case where the duties of a slinger are assigned to workers of other professions, they must undergo a medical examination and be previously trained and certified in the manner established by clause 1.3 of these Instructions.

1.5. A certified slinger is issued a certificate signed by the chairman of the qualification commission. The slinger must have this certificate with him and present it at the request of the persons responsible for supervision and for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes, as well as at the request of the crane operator.

1.6. The admission to work of certified slingers who have certificates is issued by order of the enterprise.

1.7. In accordance with the requirements of the current "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Load-Lifting Cranes", a repeated examination of the knowledge of slingers should be carried out by a qualified commission of the enterprise:

periodically - at least once every 12 months;
upon transfer of said persons from one enterprise to another;
during a break in work in the specialty for more than 6 months;
at the request of an engineering and technical worker for the supervision of hoisting machines or inspectors of the State Gortekhnadzor.

The results of testing the knowledge of the slinger are documented in a protocol, the number of which is affixed to the certificate and confirmed by the seal of the enterprise.

1.8. The number of slingers servicing one crane should be determined by the enterprise administration. When two or more slingers work, one of them is appointed senior.

1.9. During work, the slinger may be exposed to the following hazardous and production factors:

moving machines and mechanisms;
transported and stored goods;
increased dust content in the air of the working area;
increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;
cutting and piercing objects (protruding nails, pieces of metal tape or wire, etc.).

1.10. Depending on the working conditions, slingers must be provided with special clothing, special footwear and personal protective equipment: cotton overalls, combined mittens, and a protective helmet.

When employed in hot work areas additionally:

leather boots with metal toe.

For outdoor work in winter additionally:

jacket with insulating lining;
trousers with insulating lining;
felt boots.

1.11. Slingers serving cranes and having attestation certificates must:

know the established procedure for exchanging signals with the crane operator;
know the safe ways of slinging or hooking loads;
be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes, a hook, load-handling devices and containers;
know the rules for the safe movement of goods by cranes;
know the methods of relieving persons under voltage from the action of electric current, and how to provide them with first aid;
have an idea about the structure of the serviced crane and know its load capacity;
be able to select the slings necessary for work (according to the carrying capacity, the number of branches, the length and angle of inclination of the sling branches to the vertical) and other lifting devices, depending on the mass and nature of the cargo being moved;
be able to make the correct strapping and have the skills to properly hang containers on a hook;
know the norms for filling containers;
know the order of warehousing of goods;
know the procedure for safe operation of lifting cranes near power lines.

1.12. When performing loading and unloading operations, the slinger must strictly adhere to the accepted cargo processing technology. It is not allowed to use methods that speed up the execution of technological operations leading to a violation of safety requirements.

1.13. If any questions arise during the work related to its safe performance, the slinger must immediately contact the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving loads with cranes.

1.14. In case of violation of the Instruction by other workers, the slinger must warn the worker or inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods with cranes.

1.15. Before using the slinger, the slinger must ensure that it is in good working order. It is forbidden to use defective pulling devices.

1.16. In the places of production of loading and unloading operations, there should be schemes for the correct strapping and slinging of standard loads that do not have special devices (loops, trunnions, frames). In the absence of these schemes, the slinger is obliged to demand that they be available from the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes.

1.17. Load-handling devices (slings, traverses, chains, pliers, etc.) received by the enterprise after repair can be used by slingers only after a preliminary inspection. It is prohibited to use lifting devices that have not been tested.

1.18. During operation, removable load-handling devices and containers must be subject to periodic inspection at the established time, but not less often than:

traverses - every 6 months;
slings and containers - every 10 days;
pincers and other captures - in 1 month.

The results of inspection and testing of removable load-handling devices and containers must be entered in the logbook for recording and examining them.

1.19. The slinger must report to the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving loads with cranes.

1.20. During work, slingers must be attentive, not be distracted by extraneous matters and not distract other people.

1.21. Slingers must work in tightly fitting overalls and gloves. Shoes must not have slippery soles and must comply with the requirements of the occupational safety standards system.

1.22. In the event of an accident, the slinger must immediately seek medical help and report the incident to the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving loads with cranes.

1.23. Slingers are prohibited from involving consignees and other unauthorized persons in slinging cargo.

1.24. If lifting devices (ropes, slings) have surface wear on wires or torn strands, the slinger must warn the person responsible for carrying out work on moving cargo by cranes, or the person responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, the crane operator and obtain permission to use this gripping device adaptation or its culling.

1.25. It is forbidden to splice pull ropes and connect broken chains with bolts.

1.26. The slinger must know the location of the switch that supplies voltage to the main trolley wires or flexible cable of the electric crane, and, if necessary, be able to disconnect the crane from the network.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the slinger must:

arrange work clothes;
fasten or tie the cuffs of the sleeves;
fill the clothes so that there are no hanging ends;
put on a tight-fitting headdress and tuck your hair under it;
receive instructions on the rules, procedure, place and dimensions of warehousing;
accept the load-handling devices, making sure that they are in good condition, that they have stamps or tags indicating the number, test date and load-carrying capacity;
check the serviceability of the container and the presence on it of an inscription about its purpose, number, own weight and maximum weight of the cargo for which it is intended to be transported;
carry out an external inspection of ropes, slings, traverses and ensure their serviceability;
select lifting devices that correspond to their weight and the nature of the load being lifted (packaged, large, agricultural machinery, etc.). The lifting capacity of the sling must correspond to the force from the weight of the load being lifted, the number of branches and their angle of inclination; the angle between the branches of the sling should not exceed 90 degrees;
check the illumination of the working platform in the area of the crane. If there is insufficient lighting, this should be reported to the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by cranes.

2.2. The slinger must check the places and dimensions of cargo storage, access roads, fences, the presence of passages between the crane and protruding parts of ground structures, cargo stacks, etc. According to the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Cranes" of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, the horizontal distance between the protruding parts of the crane and stacks of goods or buildings located at a height of 2 m from the level of the working platform must be at least 700 mm, and at a height of more than 2 m - not less than 400 mm. The vertical distance from the console to the platforms where people can be located must be at least 2 m.

2.3. If you need to use ladders or stands to perform work, you should ensure that they are in good working order before starting work.

2.4. The slinger must make sure at what distance from the crane operating area are power lines. It is forbidden to carry out loading and unloading operations near power lines (closer than 30 m from the outermost wire) without the written permission of the chief engineer of the enterprise (attendance - permission) and without the presence of a person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by cranes.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The slinger should begin work only after receiving instructions from the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving loads with cranes.

3.2. The slinger must remember that he bears full responsibility for accidents or damage that occurs as a result of giving the wrong signal to the driver or incorrectly slinging the goods being moved.

3.3. When tying and hooking loads, the slinger must be guided by the following instructions:

strapping or hooking of cargoes should be carried out in accordance with cargo slinging schemes;
slinging of rarely moved cargoes for which slinging schemes have not been developed should be carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving cargo by cranes;
The following cannot be used as slings: wire, ropes, chains and other devices;
check the weight of the cargo intended to be moved by crane according to the list of cargo or according to the marking on the cargo;
if the slinger is not able to determine the mass of the load, then he must find it out from the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes;
when tying the load, apply ropes and chains to the main array without corners, twists and loops; special linings should be placed under the ribs of the goods to protect the slings from damage;
the load should be tied in such a way that during its movement the possibility of the load or part of it falling out is excluded and the stable position of the load is ensured during movement. For this, slinging of long loads must be carried out in at least two places;
slinging of reinforced concrete and concrete products, as well as other loads with hinges and axles, should be carried out using all the hinges and axles provided for lifting in the appropriate position;
when hanging a load on two-horned hooks, apply pull ropes and chains so that the load is distributed evenly on both hook horns;
The ends of the multi-branch sling that are not used to hook the load must be strengthened so that when moving the load with a crane, the possibility of these ends touching objects encountered on the way is eliminated;
when lifting a load with two cranes, tying and hanging it must be done under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe operation of moving loads with cranes;
make sure that the load intended for lifting is not reinforced in any way, is not pinched, is not overwhelmed or frozen to the ground;
Fill the container in such a way as to exclude the possibility of the load falling out of the container; to do this, fill it no more than the established norm;
make sure that the lifting ropes of the crane are in a vertical position before lifting the load.

3.4. When tying and hitching the load, the slinger is prohibited from:

to make a hitch of reinforced concrete and concrete products for damaged hinges;
put your hands under the load when tying it;
hammer the pin (hook) of the sling into the mounting loops of reinforced concrete products;
straighten the branches of the slings in midair using hammer blows, crowbars or other objects;
use ladders when hooking and tying large cargo; in such cases, ladders must be used;
carry out slinging of cargo covered with earth, frozen to the ground, laid down by cargoes, filled with concrete, etc.;
to carry out the hooking of cargo in a container filled above the established norm.

3.5. Before each operation of lifting, moving and lowering the load, the slinger must give the appropriate signal to the crane operator, and when servicing one crane by several slingers, the signal must be given by the oldest of them.

3.6. Before giving a signal to lift the load, the slinger must make sure:

in the absence of people in the zone of production of loading and unloading operations;
in the reliability of securing the load during lifting and the absence of obstacles for which the load can catch;
in the absence of foreign objects (tools) on the cargo;
in full uncoupling of cargo from vehicles.

3.7. When lifting and moving cargo, the slinger must:

first give a signal to lift the load to a height of 200 - 300 mm, the mass of which is close to the maximum load capacity of the crane, in order to make sure that the slinging is correct, the tension of the lines is uniform, the crane brakes are working properly, and then give a signal to lift the load;
when moving the load horizontally, make sure that the load is raised to a height higher than any obstacles encountered along the way, by at least 0,5 m;
when moving a load with a crane, make sure that it is not located above people and its protruding parts do not approach the structural elements of the crane closer than 1 m; if the load leaves the slinger’s field of vision when moving, then the crane operator must monitor its position relative to the crane elements;
ensure that the lifting of the load when removing it from the anchor bolts is carried out at the lowest speed, without distortions, jamming and horizontal movement until it is completely removed from the bolts;
make sure that the lifting of small, piece, as well as bulk cargo is carried out in a special inventory container tested for strength;
ensure that when lifting a load, the oblique position of the cargo rope is excluded;
during the lifting and moving of long or bulky loads, to prevent them from swinging, use braces from a hemp rope with a diameter of at least 25 mm or a thin steel cable;
when lifting cargo in the form of packages, use devices that prevent the loss of individual elements from the package;
carry out loading and unloading operations at night only with good lighting;
if necessary, while carrying a flexible cable powering a self-propelled load-lifting crane, warn the crane operator not to turn the crane at this time;
immediately give a signal to the crane operator to stop lifting (moving) the load in case of noticed malfunctions of the crane or crane runway and report the malfunction to the crane operator;
immediately signal the crane operator to stop lifting and moving the load with the crane if unauthorized persons appear in the crane operating area;
Lifting of assembled machines and equipment is carried out only if the slinging is carried out at all places or devices intended for slinging, painted with paint different from the general color and marked with a slinging sign;
When loading agricultural machines, tractors and large units that do not have designated places for slinging onto vehicles or unloading them into open areas, first give a signal about lifting the load to a small height in order to correctly determine the choice of attachment points for slings and the location of the center of gravity, and then give signal about loading (unloading) to storage places.

3.8. When lowering the load, the slinger must:

inspect the place where the cargo is to be placed and make sure that it is impossible for the cargo to fall, tip over or slide;
Pre-lay strong pads at the unloading site so that the lashing ropes or chains can be easily and without damage removed from under the load;
the load should be laid evenly, without violating the dimensions established for the storage of goods, an exception can be made when loading timber, when the sling devices should not have fasteners that prevent pulling out the chocks;
loading of cargo into a vehicle, wagons, platforms, etc., as well as its removal, should be carried out without disturbing the balance of these vehicles;
remove the slings from the load or hook after the load is securely installed or stowed in place;
after unhooking the load, hang the slings to the crane hook and give a signal to pull the slings to a safe height.

3.9. When lifting, moving and lowering the load, slingers are prohibited from:

move cargo by drag;
to release with a crane the removable load-handling devices (slings, traverses, etc.) pinched by the load;
lift a load that is incorrectly tied, in an unstable position;
lift and move a load with a crane if there is a danger of hitting people in the crane’s operating area;
pull (pull) the load during its lifting, moving and lowering with the oblique direction of the cargo ropes;
lift improperly secured loads and unreliable load-handling devices;
be on the load while it is being lifted or moved, as well as allow the load to be lifted or moved if there are unauthorized people on it;
to be under the lifted load;
load and unload cargo in vehicles while the driver or other persons are in the cab;
lay cargo on electrical cables, pipelines, temporary ceilings, scaffolding not intended for loading cargo;
lift the load in case of insufficient illumination of the site, heavy fog, snowfall;
balancing the balance of the load by its own weight.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an accident, the victim or an eyewitness who was at the same time must immediately notify the foreman or head of the site, who must organize the provision of first aid to the victim and send him to a medical institution.

5. Safety requirements upon completion of work

5.1. At the end of the work, the slinger must hand over the shift and transfer all load-handling devices to the shifter.

5.2. The slinger must familiarize the shiftman with the conditions under which the work was performed and report any malfunctions during work that could cause traumatic situations.

5.3. The slinger must notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes of all noticed malfunctions of the crane runway, fences, lighting, lifting devices, pull ropes, etc.

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