What is made from oil? Detailed answer

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What is made from oil? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What is made of oil?

Crude oil is one of the Earth's most important minerals. During the refining process, oil is converted into more than 2000 useful products. Let us give just a few examples of this. The most famous products of oil refining are fuels: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and fuel oils. Liquefied gas is produced from oil for domestic needs.

Petroleum-derived substances are needed to make the food we eat and the clothes we wear. Petroleum-derived plastic wraps are used to package a large number of products. Synthetic fibers are produced from oil, which are part of fabrics. More than a thousand lubricating oils are produced from petroleum. And lubricant is so necessary in everything, from watches and parts of mechanisms, ending with locomotives and electric generators.

Oil is needed for asphalt pavement of roads and roofs of buildings. Oil-derived wax is the material for candles, wax paper and cellophane. Petroleum products are used to make carbon paper, dyes for printing books, newspapers, and synthetic detergents. Synthetic ammonia, produced from petroleum, is a fertilizer in agriculture. Oil-based pesticides kill insect pests and weeds.

Oil is used to produce petrochemicals. They are raw materials for other chemical compounds, such as plastics and synthetic fibers. Synthetic foam rubber, plastic tiles, films and detergents are also made from petroleum products.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who invented the ballpoint pen?

a) Mr Biro.
b) Mr. Bish.
c) Mr Quiet.
d) Mr Loud.

Before the era of ballpoint pens, writing was considered a rather dangerous and troublesome task. Quills had to be regularly dipped in inkwells, pens were constantly leaking, and ink (which in English is called Indian ink, "Indian ink", but invented in China) took too long to dry on paper. All of these problems were first raised in a patent filed on October 30, 1888 by a leather tanner named John J. Loud. It was he who created a pen with a rotating ball instead of a sharp tip, which continuously "bathed" in the ink coming from a special container. And although his pen still leaked, it was much more comfortable to write on the skin with it than a regular fountain pen. Unfortunately, Laud did not manage to bring his invention to mind. Otherwise, we would be talking about disposable "lauds", and not about ball "biros".

The Hungarian Laszlo Biro (1899-1985), although he studied medicine, never received a doctorate. Before seriously devoting himself to journalism, Biro tried a wide variety of activities, including hypnosis and car racing.

Puzzled by the difference in drying time between printing ink and the contents of a fountain pen, Laszlo Biro and his chemist brother Georgy tried fitting the pen with a tiny ball bearing that successfully "pulled out" the printing ink as it rotated. Thus the famous "biro" was born.

The brothers patented the invention in Hungary in 1938, and in 1940, fleeing the Nazis, they emigrated to Argentina, where they patented the ballpoint pen again in 1943. One of their first customers was the Royal Air Force of Great Britain, delighted with the excellent functionality of the "biro" even at high altitude. Soon the name "biro" became synonymous in Britain with a ballpoint pen.

The first widely sold "biros" were made in 1945. At the same time, Biro sold the license for the production of ballpoint pens to a Frenchman named Marcel Bich (Bich).

Bish named his company "BiC" and, after slightly modifying the Biro model, mass-produced an incredibly cheap six-sided plastic fountain pen.

BiC is still the world's leading manufacturer and marketer of ballpoint pens, with annual sales of 1,38 billion euros. In 2005, their 100 billionth fountain pen was sold. BiC's bestseller, the Kristall brand, sells 14 million copies a day.

As a mark of respect for Biro, Argentines - who, by the way, call fountain pens birome - celebrate National Inventor's Day on September 29, the date of his birth.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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