What are X-rays? Detailed answer

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What are X-rays? Detailed answer

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What are x-rays?

X-rays were discovered in 1895 in Germany by Wilhelm Roentgen, after whom they are named.

These rays, like light rays, have a penetrating power. They differ from light rays in wavelength and energy. The shortest wavelength from an X-ray tube is one fifteen thousandth to one millionth of the green wavelength. Because of their very short wavelengths, X-rays can penetrate materials that are impenetrable to light. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the penetrating power of these waves.

An x-ray tube emits x-rays. Air is pumped out of the tube to one hundred millionth of the original volume. The glass tube contains two electrodes. One is called the "cathode" and is negatively charged. It contains a tungsten coil of wire, which, when heated by an electric current, emits electrons. The other electrode is the "target" or "anode".

Electrons move with great speed from the cathode to the target. They bombard the target at a speed of 100 to 000 mm/sec.

The target consists of tungsten and allows you to almost instantly stop the electrons. Almost all of the electron energy is converted to heat, but some is converted to X-rays, which escape through a window at the base of the tube as X-rays.

Have you seen how they take X-rays of the bones of the human body? An x-ray is an image of a shadow. X-rays pass through the area of the body being examined and transfer the shadows of the object under study onto the film. A photosensitive emulsion is applied to both sides of the film. After shooting, it is developed like a regular film. Bones and other objects that do not transmit rays appear darker on the film.

Currently, X-rays are widely used in medicine, science and industry, providing great assistance to humans.

Author: Likum A.

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When boarding a flight, show a working gadget 08.07.2014

Those who regularly travel around the world should familiarize themselves with the new order of the American Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Now, in order to get on board an aircraft bound for the United States, you will have to demonstrate the functionality of your tablet, smartphone, laptop, or any other mobile device.

According to them, the TSA leadership took forced measures when passengers passed control for subsequent boarding the plane. Now one of the prerequisites for getting on the flight will be a demonstration of the possibility of switching on and operating electronics. If the battery is accidentally discharged and the device does not turn on in any way, then serious troubles can await you, up to and including removal from the flight.

This wording of the new requirements for passengers, at first glance, although it sounds rather strange, but has real reasons. The rules introduced by the TSA are designed to help detect potentially dangerous electronics, in the case of which a terrorist passenger could build an explosive device to carry out a terrorist attack.

U.S. national security intelligence has revealed that radical terrorist groups from Yemen and Syria may use the practice of disguising miniature bombs as conventional mobile devices, allowing them to be carried on planes without undue suspicion.

Checking for inclusion will make it possible to make sure that at least the main part of the original components is present inside the smartphone / tablet / laptop, and not explosives. The rule should include international airports that provide air transportation to the United States. True, at this stage, representatives of the American intelligence services did not specify in which countries and for how long additional precautionary measures will be introduced.

In the event that your device turned out to be faulty and you cannot demonstrate its operability, it will be seized for storage by the airport staff. You, as the owner of a potentially dangerous device, the security service has every right to refuse to board the plane.

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