Sunbeam Secret. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Sunbeam Secret. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

Remember how you used a mirror to let out sunbeams. By the way, why are they called bunnies? Probably because they jump great. You turned your hand a little, and the bunny made a leap!

The reflection of rays from a mirror can be considered in more detail. Place a table lamp on the chair. Place books so that the light bulb is flush with the table top. The distance from the lamp to the edge of the table should be two meters. Spread a sheet of white paper on the table, and put a comb with rare teeth on the edge. Look, the paper has become striped! Long shadows from the teeth stretched across it, and light stripes remained between them. They go straight like rays of light!

The secret of the sunbeam

Now put a square mirror on the paper behind the comb. Do you see stripes of reflected rays running across the table? Carefully turn the mirror and the strips will turn. Yes, not like a mirror, but faster. So, when you put the mirror at an angle of 45° to the rays incident from the lamp, the reflected rays will deviate already by 90°, by a whole right angle. That's why the bunny jumps with such unexpected speed!

Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.

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Created the highest quality laser 07.07.2017

For most people, the word laser is always associated with the term "accuracy". However, in the field of laser technologies, there is also a fairly large space for further improvements. An "ideal" laser should emit light with a strictly defined wavelength, but real lasers are far from ideal, and they emit light in a very narrow band of the spectrum. The bandwidth of the spectrum is one of the main characteristics of lasers that determine its quality, and one of the areas for improving laser technology is precisely to reduce this bandwidth as much as possible.

Recently, an international team of scientists has completed the creation of a record-breaking laser with a spectral bandwidth of only 10 MHz (0.01 Hz). For comparison, the bandwidth of the spectrum of most lasers used in science and industry is, at best, several thousand Hertz.

The second indicator of the quality of the laser is the stability of the emitted light, which determines how long the laser can emit a high-quality beam of light. The new laser, developed by specialists and scientists from the Federal University of Physics and Technology, Germany, and a scientific group from the JILA (Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics), USA, holds the record for both of the above parameters. In addition to a bandwidth of 10 MHz, this laser exhibits a beam stability of 11 seconds. This is enough time for the light emitted by the laser to cover a distance of 3.3 million kilometers, which is approximately ten times the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

The new laser system is of such high quality that it cannot be compared with any other existing laser. And in order to make comparative tests, scientists had to make two identical laser samples and compare them with each other. And to compare the quality of work, a complex system of mirrors and other optical components was used, which was a highly stable optical resonator, 21 centimeters long, tuned to a specific wavelength of light. In addition, other devices were used that made it possible to avoid the influence of such factors as fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, humidity and temperature on the measurements.

The measurements and experiments carried out by scientists allowed them to collect data, on the basis of which the main parameters of the new lasers were calculated. And further work in this direction, including the use of new materials for laser mirrors, technologies for lowering the temperature in the volume of the laser cavity, etc., will make it possible to reduce the bandwidth of the laser spectrum to a level of no more than 1 MHz.

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