History of modern times. Strengthening the position of the East India Company (most important)

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History of modern times. Strengthening the position of the East India Company (most important)

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48. STRENGTHENING THE POSITION OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY

XVI century ended brilliantly for England. Industry, shipbuilding, shipbuilding, and maritime trade have achieved great success in their development. The Reformation movement in the country helped strengthen absolute royal power. After the defeat of the huge Spanish squadron of the “invincible armada”, dominance of the seas gradually passed to England off the English coast. This European country turned into a strong maritime power, which was rightly called the “mistress of the seas.” The British began penetrating India from its southern regions - the Madras region, where small principalities were located. These were the prerequisites for the founding of the East India Company in 1600 by the British. At first, the East India Company was engaged only in trade - it sold the famous high-quality English cloth to the local population of India and purchased spices. Pepper, cloves, and saffron were in particular demand. For this purpose, trading posts were established by the East India Company in different places in India. In 1690, the British built the fortified walled city and port of Calcutta on land granted to them by the Mughal Emperor. Gradually, Calcutta became the main support center of the East India Company. Calcutta was located in a very convenient location from an economic and strategic point of view - on the shores of the Bay of Bengal and in the delta of the Ganges River.

The East India Company, which was successful in trading and receiving large profits, also acquired large landed estates, which were controlled by the governor-general, and built fortresses and created troops to protect them. The military units consisted of hired Indian soldiers (sepoys), armed and trained in the European way. These troops were under the command of British officers.

Taking advantage of the feudal fragmentation in southern India, the East India Company constantly expanded its possessions, while organizing plantation farms in the occupied territories. On plantations, the British, using local Indians as cheap labor, grew those crops that were in great demand in the metropolis and on the world market. In particular, tea, tobacco, jute, oilseeds, spices (pepper, cloves, saffron, etc.) were grown. The East India Company was also engaged in the training of employees, officials recruited from among the children of the local nobility, and the most gifted children of wealthy Hindus were sent to study in the metropolis. The trained personnel then worked in the system of the East India Company. This is how the position of the English East India Company gradually strengthened. From the middle of the XVIII century. the possessions of the East India Company turned into a real colonial empire. In 1757, the British captured Bengal, which marked the beginning of a large-scale conquest of the entire country by troops in the mercenary service of the East India Company.

In addition to plantations, the East India Company also owned various mines, salt mines, woodworking workshops, in which sandalwood, bamboo and other valuable species were processed with the further manufacture of various products from them.

To ensure uninterrupted stable ties with the mother country and other countries, the East India Company acquired merchant ships and warships. By the end of the XVIII century. this company had a real fleet of various ships and ships. Warships were used to protect cargo carried on merchant ships.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

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