History of modern times. Consequences of great geographical discoveries (the most important)

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History of modern times. Consequences of great geographical discoveries (the most important)

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4. CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES

The discovery of new coasts, islands, continents was not a matter of chance; the navigators of Europe set off well prepared, they had tools, they were familiar with astronomy and geometry, they had maps with accurate indication of points. The navigators' ships were built taking into account the centuries-old experience of European navigators. Christopher Columbus made four sea expeditions in his life. As a result of these voyages, they discovered: the islands of the Caribbean, Central America and the northern coast of South America. Naturally, the main merit of this navigator was the accidental discovery of a new part of the world, the reason for which was the search for a western route to India.

The geographical discoveries of this time include the results of the activities of Magellan. The expedition, which he led in 1519-1521, having made the first trip around the world, finally proved that the Earth has the shape of a ball. It became obvious that, having circled the Earth, it was possible to return to the port of departure.

As a result of the Great geographical discoveries, the old ideas about the world, the Earth were destroyed, they were replaced by new, more reliable knowledge. The idea of the Europeans about the sphericity of the Earth was confirmed, ideas about its size and people living on different continents became more accurate. This created good prerequisites for the development of geography, astronomy, and history.

Great geographical discoveries and trade Thanks to geographical discoveries and the development of the World Ocean, a single world market began to take shape, trade relations were established between many countries and continents. This contributed not only to the formation of the international market and its development, but also to the establishment of cultural exchange between different countries, as well as the penetration of Europeans into the little-developed corners of the Earth. New trading centers appeared as the main sea routes moved from the inland seas to the oceans, the Mediterranean, and with it Venice and Genoa began to lose their former importance. But the new ocean ports - Seville, Lisbon, London, Antwerp, Amsterdam - have grown and taken over the world trade.

The great geographical discoveries marked the beginning of the creation of the first colonial empires with their robbery and destruction of the indigenous population, the death of the ancient culture of the peoples of the New World (America). A flood of precious metals poured from the colonies into Europe, which, on the one hand, led to a revival of entrepreneurial activity, and on the other hand, to a price revolution - a fall in the price of gold and an increase in the price of all other goods, which caused a deterioration in the situation of buyers, and there were many of them. The position of employees, petty officials and poor nobles especially worsened.

Thanks to geographical discoveries, the everyday food of Europeans has also changed. The menu includes potatoes, tomatoes, beans. With the development of fisheries in the Atlantic, Europeans began to eat more fish - cod and herring. Europeans also joined the new drinks - tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa.

The great geographical discoveries broke the isolation of the two worlds, brought together two societies: the emerging industrial and traditional. Naturally, the industrial society had a leading position in this process, especially the influence of European society on the traditional societies of Asia and Africa manifested itself in the developing processes of colonization. Since that time, world history has been acquiring its own common development trends, and the prerequisites for the formation of a single world community have been laid.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Pushkareva N.V.

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