When did chemistry appear? Detailed answer

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When did chemistry appear? Detailed answer

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When did chemistry appear?

Chemistry is the science that studies what objects are made of and how they can be changed. Modern chemistry grew out of a doctrine called alchemy. In the Middle Ages, alchemists were looking for a "philosopher's stone" that could turn other metals into gold. In an effort to do this, they conducted a lot of different experiments.

One of the first people who collected and summarized all the information about chemistry as a science was Robert Boyle, who lived in the XNUMXth century. He knew that chemical compounds could be broken down into their component parts.

Other chemists followed Boyle in making new discoveries. Josef Black studied gases and air. Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen - one of the elements that make up water. Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen, the most abundant element in nature. Antoine Lavoisier was the first to explain the nature of fire. He also proved that no substance can be destroyed. It just goes from one state to another.

John Dalton had the idea that all substances are made up of tiny particles of matter. Scientists have come to the conclusion that the essence of chemical transformations lies in the combinations of these smallest particles. Now they are called atoms. The idea of the existence of atoms made all the secrets of chemistry simpler and clearer. Chemistry as a science continues to develop, and today the chemist has become the creator of new substances. He learned to split molecules and combine them in various ways.

Author: Likum A.

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What is mythology?

Man has always wondered why the world around him is the way it really is. He tried to find an explanation why certain phenomena occur. Now we can give a scientific explanation for the events taking place in the universe. But in ancient times man had to come up with such "explanations".

Imagine how many incomprehensible phenomena he could not explain! Why does the sun rise and set so regularly? Why are there seasons? What are stars and why do they move?

Strange things also happened in his life. Why do unpredictable things happen? Why does a person dream? Why is a person sick? How did people appear and what happens to them after death? How was the world and everything that makes it up created?

People in ancient times asked themselves these questions and tried to give answers to them. Different tribes in different parts of the world had their own explanations. They somehow explained the events. Colorful stories containing such explanations are called myths. Mythology studies the myths of the peoples of the world.

With the help of their myths, man in ancient times tried to "humanize", "personify" his world. That is, he believed that all objects around him, like himself, are thinking beings, and some were endowed with great power. All objects, animals, plants, stars, rivers, the Sun and the Moon were gods with magical powers. Some gods were considered good, others - evil, bringing pain, hunger and death.

Since man perceived these objects as gods and considered them as thinking beings, he believed that he could turn to them with requests. If the Sun had a mind, then it can be asked to direct its rays to plants so that they grow. People prayed to the rain god asking for rain in the hope of being heard.

All this led to the emergence of various kinds of rituals or ceremonies. The god had to be addressed in a certain way, otherwise the god might get angry. The purpose of such ceremonies and rituals was to maintain a good relationship between man and god. The man believed that in this way he would be able to manage events and control them, and therefore his life would be happier.

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