Instructions for labor protection when working on loading and unloading viscous oil products

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Instructions for labor protection when working on loading and unloading viscous oil products

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. This instruction provides for general labor protection requirements for workers engaged in technological operations related to the heating of viscous petroleum products (oil, fuel oil, bitumen, etc.), when unloading from railway tanks, pumping through pipelines, storing in tanks, loading into tank trucks, ships, barrels, etc.

1.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, training in the relevant program, and on-the-job training are allowed to work on loading and unloading viscous petroleum products.

1.3. When performing loading and unloading operations for viscous oil products, employees may be exposed to hazardous and harmful factors:

thermal burns during the ignition of petroleum products;
electric shock in the event of a violation of the insulation of electrical wires, a malfunction of the ground;
mechanical injury.

1.4. It is not allowed to dump tools, equipment parts and other items from the overpass and tanks.

1.5. Workers engaged in loading and unloading of viscous oil products are provided with overalls and safety shoes, a canvas suit, tarpaulin boots, canvas mittens, as well as respiratory protection equipment.

1.6. Workers must be trained in first aid for victims of accidents.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on the issued overalls and safety shoes and check the availability and serviceability of personal protective equipment and primary fire extinguishing equipment.

2.2. Before loading and unloading viscous oil products, check the correct opening of all switching valves, gate valves, the serviceability of the drain-loading devices, steam heaters, the tightness of the connections of telescopic pipes or sleeves, as well as the serviceability and reliability of the protective grounding of the railway overpass, railway tracks, drain-filling hoses with tips.

Eliminate the detected leak.

2.3. Before turning on electric heaters for heating viscous oil products in railway tanks, check the serviceability of the heating elements and insulation of electrical wires, as well as the density of contacts at the points of connection of wires.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. Railway overpasses should be equipped with serviceable bridges for the transition of workers to the tank. It is not allowed to pass from the overpass to the tank, bypassing the bridges.

3.2. On the bridges in the place of contact with the tank, insulating (wooden or rubber) linings should be installed.

3.3. Raising and lowering bridges must be mechanized. During the supply and removal of tanks, bridges should be raised.

3.4. When lowering and raising the drain and fill hoses with the help of an electric winch, it is not allowed to stand near the tight rope between the load and the winch. The winch must be grounded.

3.5. It is necessary to heat up solidified oil products in railway tanks, in pipelines, as well as in loading and unloading devices only with steam, hot water, heated oil product (circulation method) or electric heaters. It is not allowed to use open fire for this purpose.

The heated section of the pipeline should be disconnected from the operating system.

3.6. When heating a viscous oil product to a temperature of less than 90°C, it should be maintained below the flash point of its vapors by at least 15°C.

If necessary, heated at temperatures above 90°C, the oil product should be dehydrated, and the maximum heating temperature should be maintained below the flash of its vapor by at least 25°C.

3.7. Steam coils and electric heaters should be turned on after they have been immersed in a viscous oil product to a depth of at least 500 mm from the liquid level to the upper edge of the heater.

Electric heating pads may be used when heating petroleum products with a flash point of at least 80°C.

3.8. When heating a viscous oil product, make sure that when the oil product expands with increasing temperature, the product does not escape from the tank.

3.9. It is not allowed to drain viscous oil products with immersion heaters turned on.

3.10. During the operation of the electric heating system, it is necessary to monitor the temperature using regulation and control devices, avoiding overheating; if malfunctions are found in the electric heater system, corrective measures should be taken.

In case of overheating or other malfunctions, turn off the power supply.

The inclusion of electric heating is allowed only after the complete elimination of faults.

3.11. During the operation of electric heating systems, it is not allowed:

turn on immersion heaters without a blocking device;
turn on heating devices without protective grounding;
turn on a faulty electric heating system and heaters with broken sealing coatings or lead insulation;
repair, wind up and install flexible tape heaters under voltage.

3.12. During the loading of viscous oil products, it is necessary to control the level of oil products, preventing the tank from overflowing. Accidentally spilled oil products should be removed, and the spill site should be cleaned and covered with sand.

3.13. Steam lines should be insulated and provided with condensate drain pipes at low points.

3.14. To avoid hydraulic shocks, steam heaters must be freed from water (condensate) before starting steam in them. Start steam by gradually and smoothly opening steam valves. When starting steam into the coils of the tanks, open all pipes to drain the condensate.

Constantly monitor the cleanliness of the flowing condensate in order to control the tightness of the steam heaters.

3.15. When draining the oil product, care should be taken not to overfill the front drain tray and the central chute.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an accident during loading and unloading of viscous oil products, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the loss of oil products, notify the duty officers of the enterprise, inform the fire department, stop all technological operations, remove people from the danger zone, take part in the elimination of the emergency according to the plan for the elimination of the accident.

4.2. When viscous oil products catch fire, all fire extinguishing agents should be used, except for water: foam, carbon dioxide, sand, felt mat, etc.

4.3. Victims should be given first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance and send them to a medical facility, report the accident to their immediate supervisor.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Tidy up the workplace.

Turn off the equipment, remove the tools, oiled rags, and place rags in iron boxes with lids and put them in a specially designated place.

5.2. Remove spilled oil products during loading and unloading operations, and cover the cleaned area with sand.

5.3. To deposit overalls and special footwear in specially designated places.

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