Instruction on labor protection for the assembler of construction machines and mechanisms

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection for the assembler of construction machines and mechanisms. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instruction on labor protection (hereinafter referred to as the instruction) was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On labor protection" and establishes the rules for the performance of work and the behavior of an employee on the territory of the enterprise, in production premises and at the workplace in accordance with state, intersectoral and sectoral regulations about labor protection.

1.2. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.3. In accordance with Article 18 of the Law of Ukraine "On Labor Protection", an employee is obliged to know and comply with the requirements of regulatory acts on labor protection, the rules for handling machines, mechanisms, equipment and other means of production, use collective and individual protective equipment, undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

1.4. Depending on the specific conditions of the organization of the production process, as well as in connection with the accidents and accidents, changes and additions may be made to the instructions, which are set out on a separate sheet signed by the head of the relevant structural unit.

1.5. The instruction is a mandatory normative document for assemblers of construction machines and mechanisms working in construction.

1.6. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, trained in the relevant program and have a nominal qualification certificate are allowed to perform work on the installation, repair and maintenance of construction machines and mechanisms.

1.7. When using a manual electrified tool of classes II and III in the course of work, the installer must be assigned the XNUMXst electrical safety group.

1.8. The installer must undergo the following safety briefings:

a) introductory - when applying for a job;

b) primary - at the workplace;

c) repeated - at least once every 3 months;

d) unscheduled - in case of violation of labor safety requirements, which led or could lead to an accident or an accident; when changing the technological process, designs of construction machines and mechanisms, existing regulations on labor protection;

e) target - when performing one-time work not directly related to duties in the specialty, liquidating an accident, natural disaster, performing work for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued.

1.9. Re-testing the knowledge of safe work by the installer is carried out:

a) periodically, at least once every 12 months (to the extent of knowledge of this manual);

b) during a break in work in their specialty for more than 6 months;

c) before admission to work after the temporary suspension of the installer for violation of safety or technology requirements.

1.10. To reduce the level of influence of hazardous and harmful production factors, the installer must be provided with the following personal protective equipment:

cotton suit - wear period 12 months;
combined mittens - wear period 1 month;
leather boots with a hard toe cap - wearing time is 12 months.

On external robots in winter additionally:

cotton jacket with insulated lining - wearing period 36 months;
cotton trousers with insulated lining - wearing period is 36 months;
felt boots - wearing period 48 months.

Depending on the nature and conditions of the work performed, the installer must also use other personal protective equipment (eg safety helmet, safety belt, respirator, goggles, etc.).

1.11. Upon receipt of overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment, the installer must be instructed by the work manager on the procedure for using these means and familiarized with the requirements for their care.

1.12. The installer must not start work in unsuitable, contaminated overalls, safety shoes and with faulty safety devices.

1.13. Installation work at the facility can be started after the implementation of general safety measures provided for by the project for the execution of work, the requirements of the relevant operating instructions and subject to acceptance by the act of the structures on which the installation work is carried out.

1.14. The assembler of construction machines and mechanisms must know the design and principle of operation of the mounted or serviced mechanisms, instructions for their maintenance and repair, rules for commissioning.

1.15. The installer is prohibited from being in a state of intoxication on the territory of the construction site and in the domestic premises, both during working and non-working hours.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the installer of construction machines and mechanisms must:

put on overalls, safety shoes and other necessary personal protective equipment;
receive an assignment for the performance of work and instructions on labor protection from the foreman (foreman);
inspect the workplace, remove foreign objects, check the serviceability of tools and fixtures. Place tools, fixtures, parts in a convenient place, excluding their accidental fall;
make sure that there are safe passages, protective fencing of hazardous areas and safety signs on them, sufficient illumination of the workplace.

2.2. To transfer the working tool, prepare a special bag or box. Do not carry the tool in the pockets of overalls.

2.3. Before starting the installation of construction machines and mechanisms in the conditions of an existing enterprise, obtain a schedule of joint work from the work manager. In the installation area, all passages and driveways should be closed, safety signs should be installed prohibiting the presence of unauthorized people in the installation area.

2.4. Places of electric welding, located in close proximity to the workplaces of installers, must be covered with opaque screens.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The installer must only perform work for which he has been instructed and authorized by the supervisor.

3.2. Do not allow people who are not related to this work to the workplace.

3.3. During the execution of work, be attentive yourself and not distract others.

3.4. To perform installation and repair work using blocks, hoists, they must be securely fixed on special supports, beams.

3.5. During installation and start-up of construction machines and mechanisms, the installer is obliged to check:

the strength of the base on which machines and mechanisms are installed, the reliability of their fastening to this base;
condition of metal structures of load-lifting mechanisms;
fastening strength of all units and parts of machines and mechanisms;
reliability of installed braking devices;
availability and reliability of all enclosing devices;
reliability and correctness of pressing ropes of hoisting machines;
visual integrity of the insulation of conductive wires and grounding devices;
whether after installation, repair inside the mechanisms of the tool, foreign objects;
whether the limiting speeds of the rotating parts of machines and mechanisms are correctly adjusted and set.

3.6. Before a trial run of machines and mechanisms, it is necessary to warn all participants in the launch and remove unauthorized persons.

3.7. After mounting the mechanisms, the test should first be carried out without load, and only after a thorough check of their performance in the absence of faults, they can be tested under load.

3.8. When the electric motors are on, it is forbidden to turn the pulley or flywheel by hand, adjust, remove or put on drive belts, or adjust the rope wound on the drum.

3.9. When mounting and dismantling mast lifts, the following requirements must be observed:

use winches that have gear or worm gears, and double braking. It is prohibited to use winches with friction and belt drive;
fastening of steel ropes is carried out using clamps;
before reeving, check the strength and required length of the working rope;
the working rope in the block must be stored on the ground. The last upper section of the lift is installed together with the head and working rope stored in the block;
install the mounting winch from the mounted hoist at a distance that ensures the safety of the driver;
the cargo winch of the lift must be installed parallel to the building and at such a distance that the driver can clearly see the platform being lifted.

3.10. The assembler of construction machines and mechanisms is prohibited from:

lubricate, inspect and adjust individual components during the operation of the mechanism;
work with the guards of the rotating (moving) parts of the equipment removed;
perform work with faulty brake devices;
independently connect (disconnect) machines and mechanisms to (from) the power grid and maintain their electrical part;
stand near the cargo rope;
work at night without adequate lighting of the work area;
adjust the rope wound on the drum during the operation of the mechanism;
disable or disable limit switches;
be in the danger zone of the transported cargo;
carry out slinging without having a slinger's certificate.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Disconnect the mechanisms from the mains.

4.2. Tidy up the workplace.

4.3. Put personal protective equipment in order, put it in a specially designated place, wash your hands and face with warm water and soap, or take a shower.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In case of equipment malfunction or in emergency situations that can cause equipment breakdown and injury to people, the installer must:

immediately stop work and disconnect the mechanism from the mains;
Report all malfunctions and the measures taken to eliminate them to the work manager.

5.2. In the event of a fire, disconnect the equipment from the mains, organize fire extinguishing with primary fire extinguishing equipment. Burnt electrical wires should be extinguished with powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. It is forbidden to extinguish live wires with water, foam fire extinguishers and sand.

If it is impossible to eliminate the source of fire on your own, you must immediately call the fire brigade by calling "01".

5.3. If an accident occurs during work, the installer must immediately turn off the equipment and provide first aid to the victim, report the incident to the work manager and take measures to preserve the situation of the accident, if this does not threaten the life and health of people.

5.4. If there are victims, it is necessary to provide them with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance.

5.5. Providing first aid.

5.5.1. Providing first aid in case of electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state, the revival must begin immediately, and then call an "ambulance".

5.5.2. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.5.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.5.4. First aid for burns with acids and alkalis.

If acid or alkali gets on the skin, the damaged areas must be thoroughly washed with water for 15-20 minutes, after which the acid-damaged surface should be washed with a 5% solution of baking soda, and the burnt with alkali - with a 3% solution of boric acid or an acetic solution. acids.

In case of contact with the mucous membrane of the eyes of acid or alkali, it is necessary to rinse the eyes thoroughly with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, wash them with a 2% solution of baking soda, and burnt alkali with a 3% solution of boric acid or a 3% solution of acetic acid. acids.

In case of burns of the oral cavity with alkali, it is necessary to rinse with a 3% solution of acetic acid or a 3% solution of boric acid, for acid burns - with a 5% solution of baking soda.

If acid enters the respiratory tract, it is necessary to breathe with a 10% solution of baking soda sprayed with a spray bottle, if alkali enters, a sprayed 3% solution of acetic acid.

5.5.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.

5.5.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

raise the injured limb up;
close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.6. Follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

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