Seebeck effect. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician's Handbook
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The effect was discovered in 1821 by the German physicist T. Seebeck. In a circuit made up of two conductors of dissimilar metals, a thermo-EMF E12 occurs if the junctions are at different temperatures T1 and T2. The value of thermoEMF depends only on the temperature difference:
E12 \u12d e1 (T2 - TXNUMX),
where the coefficient e12 depends on the pair of metals and on one of the temperatures taken as reference (this coefficient can change sharply with temperature and even change sign). Typically, tables give data for a metal in relation to lead, platinum or copper.
For example, tables are given for e12 (µV/°) of different metals at different temperatures in relation to platinum (Table 1) and in relation to copper (Table 2).
Table 1
(click to enlarge)
Table 2
Interestingly, the Seebeck effect appears in compounds of one metal, if one of the segments is under pressure.
Table 3 shows the thermo-EMF of various metals at +20°C (µV) at various pressures.
Table 3
See other articles Section Electrician's Handbook.
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