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Cosmic rays - a threat to the colonists of Mars

13.11.2014

The Sun's magnetic field acts as a barrier to high-energy cosmic rays that are produced outside the Solar System in supernova explosions. The more active the Sun, the stronger the magnetic field, and the more dangerous radiation it delays. However, scientists believe that solar activity will continue to wane, which is more bad news for future space travelers.

A new NASA study shows that a 30-year-old man who flies to Mars during a period of low solar activity will reach the radiation safety limit in less than 400 days, which is barely enough time to get to the Red Planet and back. The woman will reach the limit even faster - in 300 days. If solar activity continues to decline, the limit for males will be reached in 320 days and for females in less than 240 days.

To estimate how long a person can withstand cosmic radiation in outer space, NASA experts used the automatic interplanetary station Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. It is equipped with a device for measuring cosmic rays and solar radiation CRaTER, which has in its arsenal a special plastic equivalent to the tissues of the human body. It shows how a person's muscles will react to radiation.

However, it should be taken into account that the limit of radiation safety depends not only on solar activity, but also on the age of the space traveler.

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In Morocco, there is a plant Euphorbia resinifera, or resin spurge. Its main substance is resiniferatoxin, on the Scoville scale it contains 16 billion units. It is 10 times hotter than a Carolina Ripper and 000 million times hotter than a jalapeño. That is, this substance will simply kill your nerve endings. But that's why it could be the future universal pain reliever.

Scientists from the University of San Diego, USA, have found that if resiniferatoxin is injected into the body, then there it combines with TRPV1, a molecule that is found in the nerve endings that feel pain. As a result, a channel opens in the nerve ending, through which there is an increased influx of calcium. Such an overload of calcium deactivates the nerve that feels pain, but at the same time retains all other sensations, that is, the patient does not feel pain, but perceives even a light touch. True, before the introduction of the toxin, one must not forget to first anesthetize this place with conventional anesthesia, otherwise the consequences will be the saddest, since the pain will be incredible before decontamination.

Researcher Michael Iadarola tested the effects of resiniferatoxin on dogs with diseased knees. "The effect is incredible, and lasts much longer than I expected, on average, the owners ask for a second injection only after about five months. And the animals themselves, which were limping before, begin to run and live without pain."

Resiniferotoxin does not require frequent administration, does not cause any addiction, works only where it is injected, and does not give any narcotic effects. Perhaps its only drawback is increased efficiency. It really completely removes any manifestations of the pain syndrome, which, coupled with the remaining sensitivity, can lead to injuries, since the patient simply does not get any discomfort if he decides to drink, for example, too hot tea. But for patients with severe illness, this is perhaps the least of the troubles. So resiniferotoxin is already being considered as a radical alternative to all opioids.

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