История экономики. Россия и Европейский Союз (самое важное)

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История экономики. Россия и Европейский Союз (самое важное)

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88. Russia and the European Union

Simultaneously with the development of bilateral relations with the states of Western Europe, Russia is integrating into a number of international and European organizations.

In January 1996, Russia was admitted to Council of Europe. This organization was established in 1949 to promote integration processes in the field of human rights. It examines the level of protection of individual rights in individual countries. The bodies of the Council of Europe are located in Strasbourg.

Another association, which included Russia - "Big Seven". The G1976 took shape in 1997. It includes the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy and Canada. The heads of these states meet annually to discuss economic policy issues. In June XNUMX, a GXNUMX meeting was held in Denver (USA) with the participation of Russia. On it, US President B. Clinton named the group "Eight". Commentaries on the Birmingham summit in May 1998 said that for the first time Moscow acted as a full member of the community of leading world powers. A significant event was the G1999 summit in Cologne in June XNUMX.

In 1993, in accordance with the Maastricht Treaty, the European Union, uniting 12 countries: Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and France. In 1994 Austria, Norway, Finland and Sweden joined the EU.

Russia actively cooperated with the EU in 1993-1997. On the basis of semi-annual plans, since 1995 consultations of experts from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs - the EU "troika" began to be held on topical issues of European and world politics. On December 1, 1997, the Russia-EU Partnership and Cooperation Agreement came into force, which provides for the development of in-depth relations between them in the political, trade, economic, financial and other fields. However, in 1998 both Russian exports to the EU and Western European exports to Russia dropped sharply. Foreign investment in the Russian economy has noticeably decreased. Since the autumn of 1999, the inflow of investments began to increase again. In 2000, Russia-EU summits were held in Moscow and Paris. One of the most acute topics of these meetings was the "Chechen question". The Chechen theme was also central in a number of other summit meetings, during the visit of the EU Troika to Moscow on April 7, 2000, at the meeting of the Russia-EU Cooperation Council in Luxembourg, at the EU-Russia summit on May 29, 2000 in Moscow.

On November 16, 2000, an Agreement on cooperation with the European Union in the field of science and technology was signed in Brussels.

Among the actions that embody the trend towards increased cooperation, it should be noted the Action Plan for the joint fight between the EU and Russia against organized crime.

Orientation towards the development of cooperation with Russia was also manifested in the next work program for the implementation of the "EU Collective Strategy towards Russia", published by Sweden as the presiding state.

In 1994, Russia applied for membership in World Trade Organization (WTO).

WTO - an economic organization created on the basis of the former GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, originally signed by 23 countries in 1947, now includes more than 90 states.

Currently, the World Trade Organization is seeking to reduce customs duties and other barriers that impede the exchange of goods between countries.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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