64. The Soviet economy in the era of the command-administrative system. Features of economic and political life

The implementation of the achievement of the limit in the direction of a certain improvement in the command-administrative system has achieved its results by mid 1960. In order to move forward, it was necessary to make a decision on cardinal changes in all spheres of life. The political leadership failed to do this, since the temporary period of N.I. Khrushchev. He was more popular internationally than in his own state. The state party apparatus, due to constant reorganizations that could not be predicted, was dissatisfied. Broad social strata came up with proposals for the abolition or reduction of various privileges to the highest nomenklatura, in order to prevent social social differentiation in the future, which did not suit the ruling structures.

Many party leaders believed that the process of de-Stalinization, which was launched at the XNUMXth Congress, provided many rights in managing the economic and political, as well as the spiritual spheres of the life of the state. At this congress, new principles of development in international relations were determined, it was confirmed that it is necessary for all countries to coexist peacefully, regardless of the diversity of the social system. The USSR tried to enter into negotiations with the leading Western countries regarding mutual disarmament, as well as to reduce the number of armed forces of the states. AT Moscow in 1963. was signed by representatives of the USA, Great Britain and the USSR Treaty banning nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, under water and in outer space.

These countries did not express much confidence in the Soviet Union, as a result of which the development of weapons was carried out all over the world. The USSR also developed new military programs for the construction of nuclear submarines, the construction of missiles with nuclear warheads to strengthen the army and navy, and also deployed its military bases in third world countries. As a result of the Soviet import of nuclear missiles into Cuba, tensions arose that autumn 1962. led to the formation caribbean crisis. This conflict was resolved through negotiations between representatives of the Soviet Union and the United States. The current foreign policy situation for the USSR did not provide an opportunity to reduce military spending.

Among the dissatisfaction were the claims of a huge number of the military about the widespread reduction of the Armed Forces, so from the end of 1950 to the beginning of 1960 a large number of highly paid general positions, as well as officers, were eliminated.

The intellectual population was dissatisfied with the ban on the liberalization of spiritual life, as well as the intrusion of party members into their creative activities.

increased dissatisfaction on the part of workers regarding price increases and reductions in tariff rates in wages. Residents of state and collective farms were tired of the constant changes in agriculture, which as a result did not lead to the effective operation of the agrarian sector of the economy, were dissatisfied with the import of food products and foodstuffs that the country could produce itself.

As a result of these discontents, the party-state nomenclature was able to eliminate N.I. Khrushchev. In October 1964, at the plenum of the Central Committee, he was accused of "voluntarism and subjectivism", he retired. It was decided in the future not to combine the highest ruling party and state posts in one person. In this way, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party appeared L.I. Brezhnev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was A.N. Kosygin.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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