91. Russia's relations with the states of the "near abroad"

The importance of the problems of relations with the countries of the near abroad (the former republics of the USSR) is determined by the new geopolitical position of Russia.

After the collapse of the USSR, the European part of the Russian Federation turned into practically an inland semi-isolated territory. Minimized access to the Black and Baltic Seas; along the western and southern perimeter of its borders, the country was pushed aside from Europe and Central Asia; the end sections of the unified Soviet system of land transport communications remained mainly on the territory of the new independent states.

This factor set the Russian leadership on constructive and mutually beneficial cooperation with neighboring countries. A favorable background for cooperation was the fact that the vast majority of the former Soviet republics became part of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

After signing in January 1993

CIS Charter, further strengthening and expansion of forms of cooperation between the CIS member states began. The growing awareness of the need for the active formation and development of a common economic space, the establishment of comprehensive and mutually beneficial ties in the economic sphere led in September 1993 to the signing of an agreement on the Economic Union of the Commonwealth.

In October 1994. the leaders of the CIS countries confirmed their course towards economic integration following the example of the European Union and decided to establish Interstate Economic Committee headquartered in Moscow. In 1995, an agreement was adopted on the creation of a Customs Union consisting of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. He established a preferential regime for the movement of goods and capital across state borders.

In March 1996. Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan signed an agreement to deepen integration in the economic and humanitarian fields. In 1999, Tajikistan also joined it. These countries set a course for interaction within the framework of the Customs Union, which in October 2000 was transformed into an international organization - the Eurasian Economic Community.

In 1996, the conditions for military-political cooperation between the CIS countries began to take shape. The Council of Heads of State adopted the Concept for the Protection of the Borders of the CIS Member States with Non-Commonwealth States. At the same time, agreements were signed on collective peacekeeping forces in the CIS and on the protection of CIS airspace.

One of the steps in the integration of the Russian Federation with the CIS countries was cooperation on combating terrorism. It was formalized by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 2, 1998 and the Treaty on Cooperation in Combating Acts of Terrorism, in Particular of a Technological Character, Affecting the Common Interests and Security of the CIS Member States.

Russia's relations with the Baltic states are developing more difficult, which, having found themselves outside the CIS, immediately introduced a visa regime for Russians. The Baltic countries show their pro-Western orientation and are in no hurry to strengthen political ties with their "eastern neighbor".

Choosing foreign policy allies at the present time, Russia focuses on the CIS countries. Contacts with Ukraine, Uzbekistan, inclusion of Turkmenistan in the queue of the first foreign policy visits of V.V. Putin, they talk about the president's desire to cement all the CIS, and not just its integration core. Attention is focused on issues of interaction between law enforcement agencies, on joint efforts to counter terrorism and on the situation of the Russian-speaking population. Much attention is paid to economic cooperation on an equal footing.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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