75. Attempts to transform the economy. V. Pavlov and monetary reform. The collapse of the USSR

In second half of 1990. Soviet the government gave freedom to state-owned enterprises in the field of pricing, as a result of this, payments to the budget from turnover tax were reduced. The Russian Government, in order to get ahead of its rival, decided to increase purchase prices for products from the agricultural sector of the economy; such rivalry worsened the economic situation in the country. The ruling structures of the USSR made an attempt to change the crisis situation in the economy, so in the end of 1990. became the head of his government V.S. Pavlov. He represented the interests of conservative circles in economics and politics, as well as the military-industrial complex.

The new head of government accused private banks of foreign countries of wanting to destabilize the situation in the USSR. President Gorbachev gave the right to the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs to interfere in the activities of economic entities. There was a decrease in investment and a reduction in the trading activity of foreign capital in the USSR. AT early 1991. was implemented monetary reform, which did not have a positive result. Quite suddenly, they announced the seizure of banknotes, namely 50 and 100 rubles. from monetary circulation and their exchange for new banknotes corresponding to the old ones. The next step was revision of retail prices, regarding them increase. At the same time, the increase in prices was compensated by cash payments to the population, their amounts were inconsistent with the increase in prices. The measures taken led to the loss of confidence in the national currency.

The sharp rise in prices formed the legal use of production assets of enterprises, since the USSR government gave the right to use part of the funds from these funds in order to compensate for price increases, and some enterprises began to include their depreciation deductions in this direction.

In mid-1991, V. Pavlov put forward a demand to the Supreme Council for the provision of certain powers to stabilize the economic course, thus coordinating all power in the person of the executive bodies. This requirement was rejected, and the legislative authorities began to develop legal acts that determined the process of formation and development of a market economy.

All attempts to achieve conservative stabilization for some of the leaders of the USSR led to the formation State Committee for Emergency Situations in August 1991. Members of the newly created committee came up with a program that was aimed at solving their country's crisis situation. IN August 1991 happened coup failure, at the same time, it became impossible to sign a union treaty relating to the Novo-Ogarevo process, and which was necessary for the reformation of the USSR.

Since that time there has been the collapse of the USSR beganas a single state. The union government was liquidated and transformed into Interstate Economic Committeewho does not have the authority to manage the country's economy. Its functions included the development and signing of economic agreements with the union republics. As a result of the appearance of claims of the republics to each other, these agreements could not be signed.

In the second half of 1991 the Baltic republics announced leaving the USSRand at the end of this year Ukrainian population made a statement about his complete independence.

8 December 1991 g. Russia, Belarus and Ukraine signed Belovezhskaya agreement and announced the formation Commonwealth of Independent States, to which other republics joined by the end of December.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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