История экономики. Крестьянский поземельный банк (самое важное)

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История экономики. Крестьянский поземельный банк (самое важное)

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42. Peasant land bank

В 1911 year came out Regulations on land management, on the basis of which bran and farmstead farms were formed. They were created due to the elimination of stripes.

Cut called a plot taken instead of scattered strips in many fields and land on a plot in one place, which was considered equivalent and at the same time there was also a yard in the village.

Farm was a place when a peasant moved with his entire household to his plot.

According period 1907 to 1914 formed almost 2 million households, released their mundane land use, although more applications were submitted. In subsequent years, such yields were reduced. Conducted reform was suspended as a result of the outbreak of the First World War and formally abolished in the summer of 1917 by decree of the provisional government.

Basically, the poor and wealthy peasants managed to use the right to leave the community, most of them fell on the poor. They, selling their allotment, moved to cities or to new territories beyond the Urals, in general, they sold more than 3 million acres of land to the kulaks and middle peasants, as well as to communities. However, the peasants, who were the strongest, did not want to leave the community, since it was much more profitable for them to continue to stay there and keep their community neighbors in bondage.

As a result of the current decree, almost 400 thousand jobs have been created in the country for several years. farms, which aroused the envy of the peasant population, since many of them were economically successful. As a result, various attacks on the property of farms were recorded, crops were destroyed, damage to equipment and livestock, arson of houses, etc.

One of the indicators of the agrarian reform was the emergence Peasant Land Bank, who has the right to independently purchase land, primarily from landowners, and then sell it to peasants. Landowners put up over 15 million dessiatines for sale, as a result of which the highest authorities needed to artificially restrain land prices in order to stabilize them. Almost 11 million were sold by landowners. tithes of land, which made it possible to reduce their land ownership without the outbreak of revolutions and other forms of their manifestation.

During this period, there was an active the process of ousting a layer of landowners from the agricultural sector of the economy. In 1917, the Peasant Bank had its own land fund equal to 6,7 million dessiatinas, 5 million dessiatines of which were lands that were acquired from landowners.

The land was sold only through the Peasants' Bank, which financed this process, which was expressed in the issuance of loans to the peasants at a certain percentage for a period of 55 years. Financing was strictly carried out for purposes involving the sale of land. AT 1912 in summer was given the opportunity peasants issuing loans on bailwhich were necessary for their purchase of plots of land. The most common were the following types of loans: mortgage, reclamation, land management and agricultural. During the period of the reforms, the Peasant Land Bank issued loans in the amount of more than 1 billion. gold rubles, in addition to the land of the landowners, almost 4 million were sold. acres of state lands and specific. At the same time, a restriction was introduced in these transactions, namely, it was forbidden to sell land to other persons, i.e. not to peasants and foreign people.

The main place among the buyers belonged to the otrubniks and farmers, since loan benefits were created for them. The peasant land bank strengthened the position of strong peasant farms.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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