История экономики. Начало экономических реформ в России (самое важное)

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История экономики. Начало экономических реформ в России (самое важное)

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77. Beginning of economic reforms in Russia

В early 1992 was the path to a market economy has begun. It was expressed in a reduction in prices for almost all goods and services, and the system for their distribution was also terminated. The absence of strict state control over prices, in the conditions of monopolization of production, led to a sharp jump in all prices. To end of 1992 prices were increased almost 100-150 times, while wages increased 10-15 times.

The first steps of the new government were not evaluated positively by Vice President A.V. Rutskoi and Chairman of the Supreme Council R.I. Khasbulatov. Various socialist forces began to form around them, the manifestation of which was especially noticeable during the non-payment crisis, which by mid-1992 had engulfed almost the entire economy of the country. Enterprises with different financial positions had complex mutual settlements, which created additional difficulties in determining their place in the new market conditions.

One of the factors that stimulated enterprises to merge was the issue of price liberalization for state-owned energy resources. The situation was complicated by the fact that March 1992 government sent to the International Monetary Fund Memorandum on the upcoming liberalization of energy prices.

To the middle 1992 years formed civil union, consisting of members of the military-industrial complex and the agrarian sector of the country's economy, as well as parties of the centrist and center-left persuasion, and many trade union organizations. In order to avoid the bankruptcy of enterprises, they were ready to promote the process of inflation, as they believed that this would be a better outcome for the workers than unemployment. AT 1992 year was introduced preferential lending to industrial and agricultural enterprises, which influenced the reform process. There was a fall in the inflation rate and a reduction in the budget deficit, etc.

The government of the country for the heads of state-owned enterprises, who have adapted to the new economic conditions, began to give some encouragement in relation to the monetary and credit sphere, as well as the foreign economic sphere. The government began to include directors of large enterprises of the military-industrial and fuel-energy complex, as a result coalition government.

Under the influence of economic structures, the government loosened its tight monetary policy, as a result of this, in the second half 1992 prices increased, and it happened sharp depreciation of the ruble, 3 times in two months. From July to the end of 1992, reforms were suspended because V. Gerashchenko, who was a supporter of increasing the money supply in the country, became the chairman of the Central Bank of Russia.

At the end of 1992, instead of E. Gaidar, V. Chernomyrdin was appointed to the post of Prime Minister, and B. Fedorov became Minister of Finance. During the period 1992-1993 yyy. existed in the country conflict of interests individual groups in relation to the role of inflation and directions for overcoming it.

Some thought to continue state financing of business enterprises, through the operation of the credit and budget system. Others, adapting to modern market conditions, needed macroeconomic stability. As a result of the struggle in 1993, the country's economic condition was unstable, and the inflation rate was constantly fluctuating.

В April 1993 of the year passed referendum on resolving the following questions about confidence in the president and his policies, whether it is necessary to hold early re-elections of the president and people's deputies, to which the population should have responded.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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