63. Transformations in the social sphere

Transformations in the social sphere in 1950-1960. mostly affected the urban population. During this period there was anti-worker law repealed, adopted in 1940, which introduced severe penalties for absenteeism and tardiness, and also included prohibitions against changing workplaces. In September 1956, the minimum wage was approved; below this amount, enterprises did not have the right to pay for work.

One of the main changes was pension law, which was introduced July 1956 of the yearaffecting the interests of many citizens of the country. The size of the pension was influenced by age and work experience, so men had the right to retire if their work experience was equal to 25 years at 60 years old, women with 20 years of work experience at 55 years.

This law did not provide for automatic retirement when people reached the age limit. For senior officials, this fact provided the opportunity to remain in their jobs for life. In addition, the system of individual pensions was increased, which were appointed for special services to the country. The size of these pensions was much higher than the established state pensions, and there were also privileges for paying for housing, free vouchers for treatment in a sanatorium were issued, free travel on public transport, etc. There was also a special system for determining the amount of pensions for state security employees and the military.

В 1965 year was determined pension provision for collective farmers, so men could receive old-age pensions at the age of 65, and women at the age of 60, provided they lived on their collective farm. For those who moved to the city in old age, the payment of pensions was not provided, they were deprived of it.

The amount of pensions for villagers was equal to 8 rubles, and then 12-15 rubles, it was assumed that they would receive other means of life from their personal subsidiary plots. At the beginning 1960 residents of collective farms got of the passportas well as the urban population.

Adoption work week law was carried out in 1956 year, i.e. there was a decrease from 48 to 46 hours, Saturday became a short working day. During the seven-year plan period, this week decreased to an average of 40 hours, which was the result of the work of employees and workers 5 days a week for 7 hours. To late 1960. Saturday hours were distributed among other working days, and as a result it became two days off: Saturday and Sunday. It was decided to increase the paid maternity leave: 56 working days before childbirth and 56 days after childbirth.

ubiquitous Housing construction was started from mid 1950translated into the industrial part. For the construction of houses began to use reinforced concrete panels, which reduced the construction time. Housing cooperatives began to emerge, which created favorable conditions - installments for 15 years in relation to the full payment of the cost of an apartment.

В 1956 year was fees for school and higher education canceled. The main expenses in the family were payments for utilities and food costs.

Taxes were reduced for low-wage workers 1957 year, increased benefits for children with many children, as well as temporary disability benefits, increased the cost of living from 30 to 40-45 rubles. per month, and by 1960 it became equal to 60 rubles.

В 1958 year it was decided stop issuing money on government loans for 20 years, since the state’s funds were exhausted. During this period abolished compulsory subscription to government loans.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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