55. The economy of the USSR on the eve of the Great Patriotic War

From 1920-1930 the attitude of Western countries towards the Soviet country was contradictory, although the wealth of natural resources and the huge domestic market interested them, nevertheless, hostility and wariness continued to persist in relations for many years. The government of the Soviet Union also pursued an ambivalent policy towards them. The main interest was to establish business ties, at the same time, the USSR supported the principle of proletarian internationalism through the structure of the Comintern, i.e. through gold, weapons and currency. This structure sought to achieve a destabilization of the situation inside the country and the establishment of pro-communist regimes in it, and also demanded that the European communist parties conduct a fierce struggle against social democracy, which was accused of fascist complicity.

As a result of this direction in Germany, in the conditions of a deep economic crisis, the labor movement collapsed, and the Nazis came to power. Military tensions arose in Europe as Germany decided to make territorial claims to neighboring countries.

USSR to late 1930s accepted separate political and economic agreements with Germany, believing to direct his claims to other European countries to France and Great Britain. To pacify the aggressor, these countries agreed to conclude an agreement between Italy, Germany, Great Britain and France in order to dismember the territory of Czechoslovakia and annex Austria to Germany by force.

В August 1939 was signed German non-aggression pact against the USSR.

September 1 this year the Nazis attacked Poland, so it was started The Second World War, in which the USSR chose not to interfere, believing that this war was of an imperialist nature.

USSR in 1939 year included in its territory Western Ukraine and Belarus, which were lost during the years of the Soviet-Polish war (1921).

The Baltic countries: Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were imposed in 1940 yearto join the USSR. AT 1939 year между USSR and Finland was military conflict, where the Red Army suffered huge losses, and the Soviet Union in March 1940 had to sign peace treaty.

During these years, the nationalization of industrial enterprises, the collectivization of agriculture, dispossession of kulaks were carried out everywhere, and also huge territories subject to repressions were a characteristic feature of that time, more than 1 million Poles were deported from Ukraine and Belarus, almost 200 thousand people of the Baltic states and the same number from Bukovina and Bessarabia. In these regions, repressions were also carried out after the war.

The Soviet Union signed a number of agreements with Germany on the supply of food products and raw materials to their territory, September 1939 to June 1941 sent: grain, corn, legumes, oil, raw cotton, timber, manganese ore, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, etc. At the same time, Germany was allowed to use railways, sea and river routes, as well as ports of the Soviet Union for transportation .

Germany towards the end 1940 g. conquered almost all of Western Europe, excluding the territory of England, which continued to resist. At that time Germany decided to start war against the Soviet Unionand then conquer England.

On the eve of the war, the USSR accounted for 10% of world production, ranked first in the production of synthetic rubber, the extraction of manganese ore, aluminum, coal, and many other things, and second in oil production, engineering and tractor building products.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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