История экономики. Крещение Руси (самое важное)

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История экономики. Крещение Руси (самое важное)

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10. Baptism of Russia

During the reign of the prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich one of the greatest events of centuries-old Russian history took place - Rus' adopted Christianity.

Old Slavic paganism developed long before the rise of the Kievan state. As farmers, the Slavs deified nature: the earth, the sun, rivers. Despite the undoubted commonality of the religious ideas of all the Eastern Slavs, they differed in many respects among individual tribes. Unification under the rule of Kyiv required the replacement of various tribal beliefs with a single nationwide religion. The rallying of pagan cults was also dictated by the need to resist the growing influence of Christianity in the Slavic environment.

The states neighboring Kievan Rus professed religions based on monotheism, i.e. faith in one God. Christianity dominated in Byzantium, Judaism dominated in Khazaria, Islam dominated in Volga Bulgaria. However, Rus' had the closest ties with Christian Byzantium.

The history of his marriage to the Byzantine princess Anna, the sister of the co-emperors Basil and Constantine, is closely connected with the decision of Vladimir to convert to the Christian faith. The chronicle story is supplemented by Byzantine sources. They report that Emperor Basil II turned to Vladimir for help against the rebellious commander Varda Foki, who claimed the imperial throne. The prince agreed to help if the princess was given for him and, in turn, promised to be baptized. Seeing no other way out, the Byzantines agreed, and Vladimir was baptized in Chersonese.

Returning to Kyiv from Chersonesus, Vladimir ordered the destruction of pagan idols. After the defeat of the pagan temples, Vladimir began to convert the people of Kiev to Christianity.

The adoption of Christianity by Russia is dated 988 year (This is the date of the baptism of Vladimir himself). For a long time, overcoming serious resistance, the Christianization of the vast Kievan state took place.

The significance of the conversion to Christianity was enormous and manifested itself in everything from the daily diet and agricultural practices to the international position of the country.

The adoption of Christianity influenced the development of the craft. The methods of laying walls and erecting domes, stone-cutting, as well as mosaics, which were used in the construction and decoration of churches, were transferred by the Greeks to Russian masters.

Stone architecture, icon painting, fresco painting arose in Russia thanks to Christianity. Through the mediation of Byzantium, Russia touched the traditions of the ancient world.

About a hundred years before the baptism of Kievan Rus, Christianity was adopted in Bulgaria. Orthodox missionaries, Bulgarians by origin, Cyril and Methodius created the Slavic alphabet - "Cyrillic" and translated liturgical books into Slavic. The Cyrillic alphabet was created on the basis of the Greek statutory script at the end of the XNUMXth - beginning of the XNUMXth centuries. with the addition of a few letters. After baptism, Rus received writing in the Slavic language, which contributed to the spread of literacy.

Christianity contributed to the strengthening of princely power. The divine origin of princely power, according to the teachings of the church, demanded unquestioning obedience from the subjects, and from the prince an awareness of his high responsibility.

The adoption of Christianity radically changed the international position of Kievan Rus. Yesterday's barbarian power now entered the family of European Christian peoples on an equal footing, which was manifested in the numerous dynastic marriages that Russian princes entered into in the XNUMXth century. with the royal houses of Western Europe.

Outside of Christianity, it is impossible to imagine the unification of various East Slavic tribes into a single Russian people.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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