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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of Economics. General characteristics of the economic development of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The Crimean War and its impact on the economic situation in Russia (the most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) 36. General characteristics of the economic development of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. The Crimean War and its impact on the economic situation in the country The main share of industrial output, especially consumer goods, was produced small businessesrather than large enterprises. The population of various villages and fishing areas ceased to engage in agriculture and began to conduct industrial activities. The most famous villages that became the centers of the metalworking, leather, and textile industries were Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Pavlovo, and Kimry. Of great importance in the development of the country's industry was scattered manufactory. The number of industrial enterprises was constantly increasing, and a large proportion of them were small-scale industries with a staff of 10-15 people, mostly consisting of hired workers. Cotton production and the woolen industry developed more rapidly. First half of the XNUMXth century has been characterized transition from manufactories to factories, which contributed to the creation of large enterprises that used machine technology, and which gave rise to industrial revolution. Russian culture began to emerge and develop engineering. An indicator of the development of economic relations was increase in urban population, the construction of shopping centers in the Volga region proceeded at a rapid pace, as a result of which large commercial and industrial villages were created. It was started railway construction, the first was built between Tsarskoye Selo and St. Petersburg. On the rivers began to appear first steamships, mostly foreign-made. The share grew fairs, which were the centers of wholesale trade and were the basis for the development of entrepreneurship. Implemented international trade, mainly aimed at the Western European market. England continued to be the main trading partner, and Germany and France also occupied a large share in the country's trade turnover. Great attention was paid customs policy, as they believed that this would provide an opportunity not only to support domestic producers, but also to replenish the state treasury. The financial system of the country had a huge impact The Patriotic War 1812 years, as a result of which large human losses were incurred, and material costs were also increased. Moscow was almost completely destroyed by fire, and many other cities and villages suffered from this. Monetary reform Was held in 1939 year, according to which the silver ruble was declared the main monetary unit. By the middle of the XIX century. there was an acute issue in relation to Turkey and Russia, namely, the presence of Russian ships in the Black Sea, and then their passage through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles and access to the Mediterranean Sea. However, during this period, a struggle arose between Russia and France, England and Austria regarding influence on the Caucasus, the Black Sea and the Balkans, as a result of which a military conflict, and was declared Crimean War from 1853-1856. The reason for this conflict was a dispute between the Catholic and Orthodox churches over the ownership of Palestinian shrines, and which churches have the right to own Christian monuments in Jerusalem. The Russian army was not prepared for war and could not defeat the enemy. Russia was forced to sign peace treaty in 1856 in Paris, according to which Russia was deprived of many territories and did not have the right to find ships, military fortresses on the Black Sea, and the degree of its influence in the Caucasus, the Middle East and the Balkans also worsened. In Russia, it was necessary to carry out socio-economic reforms. Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A. << Back: Various models of the "welfare state". F. Roosevelt's "New Deal" and the Swedish model of reform >> Forward: Prerequisites for the reforms of Alexander II
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