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85. Structural crisis of the Russian economy
One of the manifestations of the systemic crisis of the Russian economy is its structural crisis.
Late 80s - early 90s. The idea that the market mechanism is capable of automatically, without any government intervention, ensuring rapid progressive structural restructuring of the domestic economy has become widespread. However, analyzing the consequences of the monetarist version of structural policy, one can draw a disappointing conclusion: the 90s. were marked by a degradation of the sectoral structure of the economy of a relatively recently powerful superpower, which has no analogues in world history.
Recent years have been characterized by a sharp increase in the share of the fuel and energy complex in the industrial structure, which is increasingly acting not only as the basis of export potential, but also as the basic complex of the economy as a whole. Compared with the pre-reform level, the share of the metallurgical complex also increased, with a sharp decline in the share of machine building and light industry.
The monetarist variant of structural "transformations" of the domestic economy has led to an unprecedented decline in production in the machine-building complex, which, as you know, is designed to ensure the technical reconstruction of the entire national economy. Production volumes in the light and food industries fell catastrophically.
The deepest decline in production in Russia covered, first of all, those sectors of the national economy that play a key role in achieving a new quality of economic growth (progressive science-intensive industries and industries that directly meet the needs of the population).
The fuel and energy and metallurgical complexes turned out to be in a relatively more favorable position, which, in the conditions of a deep decline in production within the country, increasingly began to focus on exports. In essence, the export-oriented sector influenced the achievement of temporary financial stabilization in 1995 - the first half of 1998.
The recovery in Russia that began after the August (1998) financial crisis is mainly due to the favorable economic situation in the world oil market for our country, which determines the high level of world oil prices. However, this economic recovery is not yet accompanied by progressive shifts in the sectoral structure of the Russian economy.
World experience shows that in a market economy, both progressive and regressive variants of its structural restructuring are possible. The progressive option in modern conditions involves the entry of the country's economy into the stage of post-industrial development. In a regressive scenario, the country's economy loses this prospect and embarks on a path of ever greater degradation.
History at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. put Russia before a choice: either turning into a raw material appendage of economically developed countries, or a "breakthrough" into a post-industrial society based on a radical restructuring of the national economy.
Overcoming the severe structural crisis of the Russian economy is impossible without a transition to a fundamentally new macroeconomic model. First, key positions in the national economy should be occupied by industries that provide a new quality of economic growth (high-tech industries and industries that directly meet the needs of the population). Secondly, the main criterion in determining the priorities of the progressive structural restructuring of the economy should be recognized as the maximum savings in the total economic costs of production at all stages of the movement of the social product.
Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.
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The American watch company Bathys Hawaii presented the first watch with an atomic precise time source Cesium 133 (cesium-133 atom is used as a standard).
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