History of Economics. Economic Development in Ancient Greece (Most Important)

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History of Economics. Economic Development in Ancient Greece (Most Important)

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4. Economic Development in Ancient Greece

antique they call the ancient European civilization that appeared on the islands and the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea by the beginning of the XNUMXst millennium BC.

The slave-owning economy reached its peak in the ancient world - Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The development of these states followed a different path than the development of the countries of the Ancient East. Tribal relations rather early gave way to slave-owning relations. The state structure of the ancient countries differed markedly from the eastern despotisms. In ancient states, economic activity was based on private property. Private property has become the foundation for the formation of a civil society and a state with democratic institutions. Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, in their heyday, respectively, had the form of a democratic or aristocratic republic, which meant a huge step forward in the development of the socio-political consciousness of people.

Economy of Ancient Greece in its heyday, it was the economic activity of individual policies, independent small city-states, formed as a result of the decomposition of tribal communities. The policy united not only the townspeople, but also the population of agricultural communities located in the surrounding territories. The basis of the economic life of the policy was ancient property, which was a combination of state, communal and private property. All full-fledged citizens of the policy jointly possessed the right of the supreme owner of the land. All members of the policy had political rights that allowed them to take part in state activities. Therefore, the Greek policy is called a civil community. It was in the policy that the foundations of ancient democracy, commodity-money relations were laid, and a special type of personality was formed.

One of the most important branches of the economy of Ancient Greece was agriculture (olives and grapes were grown). Small farms dominated. Favorable conditions in Greece were for the development of cattle breeding: the Greeks have long bred goats and sheep.

The country was rich in minerals: silver, copper, lead, marble and gold.

Active trade meant that farmers and artisans worked not only for themselves, but also for the market. The largest trading center by the XNUMXth century. BC. became Athens. In Athens, there was an active trade with the colonies and countries of the East: grain, linen fabrics were brought from Egypt, carpets from Carthage, ivory from Africa, grain, cattle, honey, and leather from the Black Sea region.

Land trade in ancient Greece was much less developed than maritime trade. It was disadvantageous due to bad roads and mountains. Also, difficulties often arose due to wars that broke out periodically between policies. But even in Greek cities remote from the sea, local markets operated, where they traded mainly handicrafts, products, and household utensils. Each city-state minted its own coin, thus, currency exchange developed.

Commodity-money relations in Greece were unusual for this era, when compared with other civilizations. Scientists believe that already in antiquity, a special model of the economy was born in the Mediterranean, from which European capitalism subsequently grew. But still, it is wrong to call the ancient Greek economy capitalist, since the economy was basically of a subsistence nature. Commodity-money relations in some policies were more developed, in others - weaker, that is, they spread unevenly and existed within the framework of a subsistence economy.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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