90. Russia's relations with the countries of Western Europe and the USA

Russia's relations with Western Europe developed steadily.

At the first stage, the main partner in Europe was considered Germany, one of the main creditors of Russia.

Since 1997, Russia has been activating the French direction of its foreign policy. J. Chirac visited Russia three times during 1997, and repeated his visits in the next two years. In 2000, V. Putin and J. Chirac met several times, which demonstrated the closeness of the positions of both countries on a number of issues, in particular on the problems of the US withdrawal from the missile defense system.

Russia's main partner in Northern Europe remains Finland - close ties with it were established in Soviet times. Finnish leaders have visited Russia over the past years. Russia actively interacted with Sweden and Norway.

The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, Ireland remained on the periphery of Russian political interests.

Recently, relations with England. The visit to London in April 2000 was Putin's first foreign visit since his election as president. The choice of Putin's first trip was not accidental. England treated the Chechen problem with more understanding than other Western European states. England's position on the issue of relations between Russia and NATO has been balanced. In addition, England supports Russia's efforts to join the World Trade Organization.

During a visit to London, Putin was received by the British Queen. He presented the diploma of an honorary citizen of Volgograd to the Queen Mother. It is no coincidence that once George VI sent his sword to the Stalingraders, the first sister cities were Stalingrad and Coventry.

In the early 90s. The position of the Russian Federation was characterized by a desire for rapprochement with the United States. In April 1993, the first meeting of US President B. Clinton with Russian President B. Yeltsin took place in Vancouver. The result of the meeting was Clinton's assignment to Deputy Prime Minister Gore to oversee US-Russian relations. He contributed to the establishment of business ties between the countries of the CIS-US Trade and Economic Cooperation Council, the American-Russian Business Council and the American Chamber of Commerce in Russia.

In parallel with economic relations between the Russian Federation and USA military contacts also developed. An important step in creating an atmosphere of trust between the states was the agreement they reached in December 1994 on the exchange of secret information, on the size and composition of their nuclear arsenals.

One of the factors that led to the deterioration of relations between the two countries was the victory of the Republican Party in the midterm elections to the US Congress in November 1994. From that moment on, some US politicians began to criticize B. Clinton for his insufficiently active and tough foreign policy, including with regard to Russia.

In Russian-American relations, the process of expanding cooperation is constantly accompanied by aggravation of relations between the two powers. Thus, for example, the United States has repeatedly threatened to reduce or stop all assistance to the Russian Federation, expressing support for Japan's demands for the return of the South Kuriles to it. Serious contradictions between Russia and the United States arose as a result of American air and missile strikes on Iraq, planned since 1998. Russia, like many other states, sharply condemned US military actions against Iraq, undertaken unilaterally without the sanction of the UN Security Council. A similar situation has developed around Kosovo and Serbia, which also came under attack by American bombs and missiles.

Other problems in the relationship between the two countries were "NATO eastward expansion", the US attitude to the "Chechen question".

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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