62. Reforming the Soviet economic system

В August 1953 G.M. Malenkov identified the main directions of economic policy, which consisted of a sharp increase in the production of food products and consumer goods, and an increase in investment in light industry. In his opinion, such changes should radically change the development of the Soviet economy and destroy the guidelines that were established in past years.

The main task was solution to the food problemand bring agriculture out of the crisisthrough the use of financial incentives.

В September 1953 years at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU it was adopted decree on necessary measures to sharply increase agricultural production. During this period of time, collective and state farms had particular difficulties in recouping the costs of production; the situation was especially difficult in the non-black earth and northwestern regions of the country.

To get out of this situation, the new leadership planned a number of measures, which consisted in reducing the agricultural tax, writing off tax debts over the past years, increasing the size of household and personal subsidiary plots of collective farmers, as well as workers and employees of cities and towns. The norms for the supply of livestock products to the state were reduced, purchase prices for agricultural products were raised, and the limits of collective farm markets were expanded.

Early 1954 years at the plenum of the Central Committee was adopted program for mass development of virgin lands.

Much attention was paid to the industry, in particular its technical level. AT 1955 year it was said that growth of technical production level should be based on electrification, mechanization and automation.

To the middle 1950 years a new idea was born development of new scientific paths of the Soviet Union, not only in the economy, but also for the purpose of military confrontation with Western countries. During this era, large material, financial and human resources were directed to the prosperity of fundamental sciences and natural sciences, to the education and training of highly qualified specialists, thus a sharp rise in science and technology was achieved.

During these years, there was a rapid development of the energy base state, the construction of hydroelectric power plants and thermal power plants was carried out everywhere.

The initiated reforms in a few years became slow down developmentSo in 1959 year many benefits were eliminated, residents of the city were forbidden to run their own farms, restrictive norms were introduced for the procurement and sale of feed for personal subsidiary plots, etc. As a result of unfavorable climatic conditions in 1963 year was collected low yield, the drought led to a shortage of food products, there was a problem with bread, its sale was limited to one person. Bread began to be bought abroad with the available gold reserves, in order to prevent the famine of past years. This year it was adopted agricultural chemicalization program, i.e. use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture.

To the beginning 1955 years there has been an increase in the number mergers of collective farms and their consolidation, subsequently the country's leadership began to implement a policy of widespread transformation of collective farms into state farms, from collective farmers into agricultural workers. IN 1962 year Was held restructuring of the agricultural production management system, state and collective farm administrations were established in the regions, and committees were established at the level of republics, territories, and regions.

At the end of 1956 years summing up the results of the sixth five-year plan, the indicators of the next plan for the development of the national economy were outlined.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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