Dry cleaning. Fun chemistry experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Dry cleaning. Chemical experiments

Entertaining experiments in chemistry

Entertaining experiences at home / Chemistry experiments for children

Of course, it is not worth getting your clothes dirty for the sake of experiments. Let's do this: prepare a few pieces of light fabric, put different spots on it and try to remove them. And if the experiments are successful, you can risk cleaning your own suit (or someone else's - if allowed ...).

The most common stains are fat. They are removed, as a rule, by means of extraction, selecting a suitable solvent for this. To remove fresh grease stains, gasoline, turpentine, and medical ether are suitable. With a cotton swab moistened with a solvent, wipe the stain several times, and the fat will go into solution. So that there is no halo on the fabric, it must be wiped with soapy water or a solution of washing powder.

Old grease stains are more difficult to remove, here one cannot do with a solvent, mixtures are needed. For example, gasoline, medical ether and turpentine (7:1:2) or wine spirit, turpentine and medical ether (10:2:1).

If the fabric is colored, then care must be taken that the solvent does not damage the color. Before you begin, check to see if the thinner you choose does not change the color of the fabric.

A stain from oil varnish is well removed by a paste of gasoline and white clay. The paste-like mixture is applied to the stain and left until the gasoline has completely evaporated. In this case, adsorption is added to the extraction: white clay absorbs, absorbs substances extracted by gasoline.

Moisten a fresh stain from oil paint first with turpentine (to soften it), and then remove it with gasoline. If such treatment may damage the color, then wipe the stain with a hot solution of glycerin or its mixture with an equal amount of ethyl alcohol.

Extraction can also remove grass stains. Remember the experience in which we extracted chlorophyll with alcohol? So, if you wipe the stained place with alcohol (or medical ether), you can gradually extract chlorophyll from the stain, and it will discolor.

Ink stains planted on clothes can also sometimes be discolored. To do this, pour a little crushed chalk or tooth powder on the stain and drip 2-3 drops of alcohol. The alcohol will dissolve the ink dye, and the chalk will absorb the colored solution. Remove the soiled chalk with the blunt end of the knife, apply a fresh portion of chalk and alcohol and repeat this operation until the chalk remains white. Let it dry and remove the residue with a brush.

And in this case, we combined extraction with adsorption. In general, when removing stains, this double technique is often the most effective: white clay, chalk, and similar powders do not allow the tinted solution to spread over the fabric, forming a halo around the former stain.

Now about redox reactions, which also help remove stains.

Fresh stains from berries and juices can often be removed simply with hot water. If this does not work, then these spots on white fabrics can be discolored with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (you can dissolve a tablet of hydroperite in half a glass of water). Saturate the stain with this solution, adding a few drops of ammonia to it, wipe with a clean cotton swab and rinse with water. Hydrogen peroxide (peroxide) is a strong oxidizing agent, it oxidizes many dyes, and they discolor.

Hot iron stains on white cotton and linen fabrics can also be removed using an oxidation-reduction reaction. An aqueous solution of bleach should be used as an oxidizing agent (carefully!) in a ratio of 1:50 by weight. When the tissue is overheated, brown products of thermal oxidation are formed, and bleach destroys them, making them colorless. But keep in mind that the reaction produces hydrochloric (hydrochloric) acid, which itself can destroy tissue. Therefore, immediately after cleaning, rinse the fabric with a weak solution of soda to neutralize the acid, and then rinse with clean water.

Finally, if iodine has got on the fabric, then by wiping the stain with a solution of sodium thiosulfate (hyposulfite), you will remove the stain without a trace. You already know what is an oxidizing agent and what is a reducing agent in this reaction.

Author: Olgin O.M.

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