Bones - in business. Fun chemistry experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Bones - in business. Chemical experiments

Entertaining experiments in chemistry

Entertaining experiences at home / Chemistry experiments for children

A good housewife does not lose bones - you can cook broth from them, and besides, it is very strong. If you cook the bones for a long time, and then cool the broth, you get jelly. By the way, jelly is not only a culinary concept, but also a chemical one. An extensive group of colloidal systems is named jelly in honor of its first representative - meat jelly.

Jelly from the bones is formed due to the fact that the bones contain a special protein substance - gelatin. By the way, it is sold in grocery stores in a well-cleaned form. And technical, with impurities, gelatin is also sold in stores, but not in food, but in household ones, and is called carpentry or animal glue. We will prepare it from the bones. Unfortunately, we are unlikely to be able to cook food gelatin, its purification is too complicated.

Wrap some raw bones in a rag and smash them with a hammer to make bone crumbs. These crumbs must be freed from fat. Fat, as you know, dissolves well in gasoline (do not forget that gasoline is flammable!). Fill the bone crumbs with gasoline, mix and leave for half an hour. Then drain the gasoline and rinse the bones several times with hot water.

Now we will prepare a decoction from the fat-free bones. To do this, it is not necessary to take a pan, an empty, well-washed tin can is also suitable. Boil the bones in water for a long time, and then you have to boil the broth over low heat until it becomes thick and viscous.

Now be patient. Put the decoction in a dry and warm place and look at it from time to time. After a few days, the decoction will dry and turn into brown wood glue. Although outwardly it seems dry, it contains a lot of bound water, which the gelatin absorbed during cooking. Then, when you decide to use glue and heat it in a water bath, some of the bound water will be released, and the glue will swell.

It is quite possible to glue various wooden objects with such glue. But for our further experiments, it is not pure enough. It is better to put them with ready-made gelatin from the store.

To prepare a gelatin solution, put 10 g of powder in a quarter cup of cold water and let it soak and swell; this will take at least an hour. Then heat the mixture to about 50 ° C and, stirring, wait until the gelatin is completely dissolved. Pour part of the solution in a thin layer onto a plastic film (not onto glass - you will not tear off the gelatin from it later) and dry well in air. You will get a thin gelatin sheet, from which you can cut out the silhouette of a fish to enhance the effect. Place this fish on blotting paper and gently breathe on it. The fish will begin to squirm and curl up. Your breath moistens the leaf on one side, it increases in volume and tends to bend.

Swollen gelatin also has such an interesting property: it allows you to get and keep a beautiful ice pattern for a long time. Prepare the solution in the same way as in the previous experiment, only take two to three times less gelatins (or dilute the remains of the previous solution with warm water). Pour the still warm solution onto a glass plate and immediately put it either in the cold (in winter) or in the freezer, in its coldest place. Water will crystallize in the form of an ice pattern, like on windows in winter. If you leave the gelatin jelly in the cold for several days, the ice will gradually evaporate. Let the gelatin thaw slowly and it will retain the imprint of ice crystals.

Now let's move on to the preparation of mineral fertilizers. After all, the basis of most bones is phosphorite (and dentary bones are apatite). Phosphorus fertilizers are prepared from phosphorite and apatite minerals at the plant. Let's try to turn bones into simple superphosphate.

First, properly ignite the bones on fire so that organic compounds burn out - they will only be a hindrance to us. After calcination, calcium phosphate Ca₃(RO₄)₂ - phosphorite. Separate a few clean white pieces of calcined bone and grind into powder - first with a hammer, and then by grinding in a mortar. Mix 50 g of this powder with 3-5 g of chalk, place the mixture in a clean bottle and pour 20 g of 70% sulfuric acid into it; once again we remind you: when diluting, pour acid into water! Acid should be added gradually to the mixture of bones and chalk, all the while stirring vigorously with a glass rod. The mixture will quickly warm up, turn into a paste, and then into a dry white powder - superphosphate Ca (H₂Ro₄)₂. It will take about an hour for his education.

But why is phosphorite by itself not often used as a fertilizer, but superphosphate is preferred to it? To understand this, let's do another experiment.

Take two bottles of water and place a little crushed bone (phosphorite) in one, and already obtained superphosphate in the other. Phosphorite powder will quickly settle to the bottom, and its initial volume will not change. Superphosphate, on the other hand, undergoes hydrolysis, greatly increases in volume and does not settle immediately, but slowly, over several hours. This property helps superphosphate to be well distributed in the soil and to be retained in it for a long time.

Well, if you received home-made fertilizer, you should, apparently, use it wisely. Try using it to feed indoor plants and watch their growth; remember to only leave control plant samples for comparison. And you can also feed another group of control plants with ready-made fertilizers, factory production. I wonder if they are much better than homemade ones?

Author: Olgin O.M.

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