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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red, buldonezh). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red, buldonezh), Viburnum opulus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Kalina (Viburnum) Family: Junipers (Adoxaceae) Origin: Europe, Asia, North America. Area: Viburnum vulgaris grows in the forests and shrubs of the temperate climate of Europe, Asia and North America. Chemical composition: The leaves, flowers and bark of common viburnum contain carotenoids, ascorbic acid, catechins, coumarins, flavonoids, salicylic acid, tannins, sugars, organic acids. Economic value: Viburnum vulgaris is used in landscape design as an ornamental plant, as well as a source of food and medicinal properties. Jam, marmalade, compotes are prepared from berries. In addition, viburnum has medicinal properties and is used in medicine to treat various diseases, such as influenza, colds, circulatory disorders, liver and kidney diseases. Legends, myths, symbolism: In Slavic mythology, viburnum was considered a sacred plant, symbolizing life and renewal. Kalina was associated with the goddess of love and beauty Lada, as well as with the god of the sun and fertility Dazhbog. In ancient times, viburnum was used in rituals and rituals, as well as a remedy for evil forces and diseases. The symbolic meaning of viburnum is associated with its beauty and comforting qualities. The plant symbolizes life, renewal, prosperity and abundance. Kalina can also be associated with love, beauty and femininity. In general, viburnum symbolizes life, renewal, prosperity and abundance, and is also associated with beauty, femininity and solace.
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red, buldonezh), Viburnum opulus. Description, illustrations of the plant Kalina. Legends, myths, history
Sometimes the origin of the word "viburnum" is correlated with the verb "heat" and the concepts of the sun and fire. Perhaps the identification of viburnum with a flame is associated with its scarlet, as if red-hot, ripe berries. Since ancient times in Rus', viburnum has symbolized girlish beauty, youth, health, joy and fun. In many Russian houses, the red corner of the hut was decorated with clusters of viburnum. People believed that the red berries of this shrub would save their household from evil spirits and the evil eye. In Russian folklore, the Kalinov Bridge is often mentioned. It is on the Kalinov Bridge, which spreads across the Smorodinka River, that the hero Ivanushka fights with the Serpent, protecting his native land from the filthy Miracle Yud. There is such a legend about viburnum. There were once viburnum berries sweeter than raspberries. A beautiful girl fell in love with a proud blacksmith, who did not notice her and often wandered through the forest. Nothing helped, and then she decided to burn that forest. The blacksmith came to his favorite place, and everything burned down there. Only one viburnum bush survived, watered with burning tears. And under the bush the blacksmith saw a tear-stained beauty. His heart stuck to the girl, he fell in love, but it was too late. Together with the forest, the beauty of the girl quickly burned down. And viburnum returned the guy the ability to respond to love, and in old age he saw the image of a young beauty in his hunched old woman. But since then, viburnum berries have become bitter, like tears of unrequited love. And there was a belief that a bouquet of viburnum, applied to a suffering heart in love, soothes pain. An ancient Hutsul legend explains the birth of viburnum in a different way. About the times when Bukovina was flooded with human blood, when enemies burned their homes. About a fearless girl who led a detachment of enemies into an impenetrable bowl. And a viburnum bush grew on the site of the death of the Hutsul. And the ruby berries of the viburnum glow, like drops of the blood of a hacked girl. Apparently, since then, according to popular belief, all girls who died before marriage turn into thin, fragile viburnum bushes. According to ancient customs, viburnum was considered an indispensable participant in the wedding ceremony, it was decorated with a wedding loaf. Girls wove wreaths from flowers, embroidered on towels. Viburnum blooms luxuriantly at the end of May with fragrant white boiling. And, like a bride in a white veil, you involuntarily admire her, from afar you catch the exciting aroma of her flowers. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Viburnum opulus L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Shrub or small tree up to 4 m high, with a spreading crown. The leaves are large, opposite, three-five-lobed, grayish-green below, pubescent. The flowers are bell-shaped, white, collected in a large inflorescence - shield. The fruit is a drupe, juicy, spherical, bright red. Blooms in May - June. Viburnum has long been a very popular plant. Among the people, she was considered a symbol of girlish beauty and tenderness. The autumn wedding ritual could not do without viburnum: loaves and wreaths were decorated with clusters of viburnum fruits. Viburnum grows in deciduous forests and river valleys. There are 8 wild species and about 40 cultivated ones. The latter are grown in gardens and parks as fruit and ornamental plants. In our republic, viburnum is used only in decorative gardening. Viburnum fruits contain resinous esters, organic acids, sugars and bitterness. There are many vitamins C, K, P, carotene in the fruits. In terms of vitamin C content, viburnum surpasses even lemon. The main active ingredients of viburnum bark are viburnin glycoside, tannins, organic acids. It contains a lot of resins and phytosterols. Viburnum vulgaris is an ancient medicinal plant. All parts are useful. Frozen fruits help with stomach ulcers, colitis. They are also used as a tonic, diuretic and vitamin remedy, especially in the form of a decoction with honey. A decoction of dried flowers and viburnum bark is used to treat scrofula, rashes, colds and suffocation. But the most healing part of the tree is the bark. People recommend a decoction of the bark for nervous disorders and insomnia. In medicine, preparations made from the bark are used as a hemostatic agent. In addition, viburnum is used in dietary nutrition. It is recommended for diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract, atherosclerosis, rheumatism and hypertension. The fruits of viburnum are juicy, bitter in taste. After freezing, they partially lose their bitterness. They are used in natural and processed form. Traditionally, the use of viburnum as a filling for pies; in addition, delicious jelly is prepared from it, it is ground with sugar. In the food industry, jelly, marmalade, soft drinks are made from viburnum. In decorative gardening, the form with spherical inflorescences called "snow globe" is especially beautiful. Kalina releases phytoncides, cleans the air of dust. The viburnum tree is a good honey plant. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Viburnum ordinary. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
Viburnum grows everywhere in forests, along ponds, in gardens, in household plots. There are about 125 species of viburnum in the world, the most common is the common viburnum. Branched shrub or small tree 3-4 m high. The trunk and large branches are covered with wrinkled, brownish bark dotted with brown warts. The leaves are almost bare above, fluffy below, green in summer, purple, red in autumn. Blooms in May - June. The flowers are white or white-pink, fragrant, collected in corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are bright red berries, inside with one seed. On one brush there are 80-100 fruits. Ripen in August - September. Kalina bears fruit in the 3rd-4th year, propagated by seeds, layering, stumps. The fruits contain tannins, dyes, pectin, sugar, organic acids, starch, vitamins C, P, flavonoids. Resins, flavonoids, isovaleric acid, its esters, organic acids, tannins, astringents, dyes, bitter glycoside, sugar, calcium, vanadium, vitamins C, K, essential oil were found in the bark, in the seeds - fatty oil, vitamin C, in flowers - flavonoids, essential oil, vitamin C, organic acids, phytoncides, leaves - ursolic acid, arbutin glycoside. Good honey plant. For economic purposes, wood, bark, young branches, viburnum fruits are used. Craftsmen make various small crafts from viburnum wood. Baskets, decorative vases, etc. are woven from flexible, easily bending young branches. Red dye is prepared from the fruits, and black from the bark. Gardeners plant viburnum in parks for hedges and as an ornamental plant. The fruits of viburnum are used in nutrition. It should be remembered that fresh, early picked fruits can cause vomiting. The bitterness in the fruits disappears after 5 minutes of blanching in a 2-2,5% salt solution or after heat treatment in a sealed container. Marmalade "marshmallow, candy fillings, juices, jelly are prepared from viburnum fruits. Jam, jelly, jam, jam are made from them, fillings for pies are made, cakes are baked. Kalina with sugar. Mix the fruits with sugar, arrange in jars and pasteurize at a temperature of 95 ° C: half-liter jars - 20, liter - 35 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg of viburnum, 1 kg of sugar. Kalina in sugar. Pour viburnum fruits with powdered sugar and starch and dry in air at room temperature for 12-14 hours. 1 kg of viburnum, 200 g of powdered sugar, 5 g of starch. Kalina in sugar syrup. Put viburnum fruits in sterilized glass jars, pour 40% sugar syrup and pasteurize at a temperature of 80 ° C: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 30 minutes. Seal banks. Store in a cool place. 1 kg of viburnum, 400 g of sugar, 600 ml of water. Viburnum juice. 1. Mash the fruits of viburnum, squeeze out the juice. Pour boiling water into the pulp, boil for 10-15 minutes, drain the broth, combine with juice. Add sugar or honey to taste. Store in a cold place. 1 kg of viburnum, 250 ml of water, sugar or honey to taste. Viburnum juice has good gelling properties, so it is mixed with other fruit and berry juices that do not have gelling properties to make marmalade and marshmallows. Viburnum juice tint food. 2. Blanch viburnum fruits in boiling water for 5 minutes, cover with sugar, let stand for 10-15 days. Drain the resulting juice, squeeze the fruits. Store in a cold place. 1 kg of viburnum, 1 kg of sugar. Syrup from viburnum. Mix viburnum juice with sugar, bring to a boil, remove foam, add citric acid, boil for 5 minutes, then strain through cheesecloth, pour into sterilized bottles and cork. 1 liter of viburnum juice, 2 kg of sugar, 10 g of citric acid. Morse from viburnum. Dilute viburnum juice with chilled boiled water, add sugar or honey and infuse in a cool place for 5 hours. 250 ml of viburnum juice, 1 liter of water, 100 g of sugar or 150 g of honey. Viburnum jelly. Blanch the fruits of viburnum for 3-5 minutes, put in a saucepan, add water, cook until softened, rub through a sieve. Mix mashed potatoes with sugar, cook over low heat for 45-50 minutes, put into hot jars, cork. 1 kg of viburnum, 400 ml of water, 1,2 kg of sugar. Viburnum jam. Boil viburnum jelly for 10-15 minutes, add sugar, stir until completely dissolved and cook until tender (ready jam is boiled down to 1/250 of the original volume). Arrange jam in glass jars, cork with lids. XNUMX kg of jelly, XNUMX g of sugar. Kissel from viburnum. Dilute viburnum juice with water, heat, add sugar, diluted starch and bring to a boil. 50 ml of viburnum juice, 1 liter of water, sugar, starch to taste. Pastila from viburnum. Blanch the fruits of viburnum for 3-5 minutes, put in a colander. When the water drains, add water, boil over low heat until the fruits soften, rub through a sieve, mix with sugar and cook until a pasty consistency. Transfer the mass to wooden trays, dry in a warm oven and cut into pieces. 1 kg of viburnum, 800 g of sugar, 200 ml of water. Mousse from viburnum. Pour the juice from viburnum into the dissolved gelatin brought to a boil, add sugar, cool to a temperature of 35 ° C and beat quickly until a fluffy mass is formed. Pour into vases. 200 ml of viburnum juice, 200 g of sugar, 1 liter of water, 30 g of gelatin. Gravy from viburnum. Mix viburnum juice with juniper fruit powder, bring to a boil and cool. Serve with meat dishes. 200 g of viburnum juice, 10 g of juniper fruit powder. In folk medicine, the fruits and bark of viburnum are used. The fruits enhance the work of the heart, have an astringent, antiseptic, hemostatic, choleretic, diuretic effect, lower blood pressure, accelerate the healing of wounds, ulcers, stop bleeding in gastric and duodenal ulcers. Viburnum bark improves the functions of the stomach, intestines, lowers blood pressure, has antispasmodic, soothing, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic effects, tones, increases working capacity. Infusion of fruits of viburnum. Grind 20 g of fruits, insist in 250 ml of boiling water for 4 hours, strain. Drink 100 ml 2-3 times a day before meals for hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular spasms, gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, posture. Externally, the infusion can be used for nosebleeds (tampons moistened with infusion, injected into the nasal cavity), to lubricate the skin with rashes, scrofula. Infusion of fruits of viburnum. Grind 40 g of viburnum fruits, insist in 200 ml of hot honey. Take 1 tablespoon 4 times a day after meals for hypertension, cough, bronchial asthma. Infusion of viburnum bark. Infuse 10 g of viburnum bark in 250 ml of boiling water in a thermos for 4-6 hours, strain. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals for vascular spasms, convulsions, insomnia, neuroses, uterine and hemorrhoidal bleeding. External use for baths in scrofula. A decoction of the bark of viburnum. Boil 7-10 g of bark in 250 ml of water for 30 minutes, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals for vascular spasms, insomnia, neuroses. External use for baths with scrofula, pustular skin lesions. Drink viburnum fruit juice 50 ml 2-3 times a day for bronchial asthma, hypertension, pain in the heart, liver, rinse the mouth and throat with tonsillitis, gum disease, wipe the skin of the face with rashes, acne. Contraindications: increased blood clotting, tendency to thrombosis, pregnancy. Harvest viburnum with the permission of the forestry and procurement points. The bark is collected only from felled trees in early spring, in April - May, during sap flow, when it is well removed from the wood, cut into pieces of 10-20 cm, laid out in a thin layer on bedding and dried in the air, under a canopy, in attics, periodically turning over. Dried pieces of bark, rolled into tubes, about 2 mm thick, unpleasant odor, bitter astringent taste, break when bent, but do not bend. The fruits are harvested fully ripe in September - October or after the first frost. Whole brushes are cut off together with the stalks, laid out in a thin layer, dried in air, then dried in dryers, ovens, ovens at a temperature of 60 C, threshed, cleaned of impurities and stalks. Dried fruits are orange-red or dark red, rounded, flattened, wrinkled, with a slight odor. Store in a well ventilated area. The shelf life of the fruits is not established, the bark is up to 4 years. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red), Viburnum opulus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin name of the genus Viburnum comes from "vieo" (weave, weave) and is associated with flexible long branches of some Mediterranean viburnums. Deciduous shrub, rarely a tree, with grayish-brown bark, covered with longitudinal cracks, 1,5-4 meters high. Lives up to 50 years or more. Shoots are rounded, sometimes ribbed, glabrous, sometimes grayish-white, but generally yellowish-brown, sometimes with a reddish tint. Lentils are large. The heartwood is whitish with a reddish tint, more or less hexagonal. Buds with two fused outer scales, ovoid, slightly pointed, reddish green. The scales are greenish or gray at the base, red-brown above, slightly shiny, hairless, sometimes sticky. Barren shoots end with one terminal bud, and fruit shoots - with two false-end buds (the end of the shoot is visible between the buds). Lateral kidneys are pressed. Leaf scars of leaf buds are fully connected. Leaves are petiolate, opposite, broadly ovate or rounded, 5-8 (10) cm long and 5-8 cm wide, three-five-lobed, pointed, with a rounded wedge-shaped, shallow-heart-shaped base, with three main palmately diverging veins, dark green above , glabrous, wrinkled, greyish-green below, more or less softly and densely velvety pubescent, rarely almost glabrous, except for beards at vein angles. The leaf lobes are pointed or drawn into a short point, the middle lobe is unequally quadrangular, with more or less parallel sides, somewhat narrowed at the base, less often, like the lateral ones, ovoid; along the edge, the middle one at the top, and the lateral ones, mainly on the outside, with large unequal sharp or pointed teeth, less often entire; petioles 1-2 cm long, furrowed, at the base with two adnate remnants of stipules, at the top with two to four disc-shaped glands. In autumn, the leaves become brightly colored - from orange-red to purple. The flowers are heteromorphic, with a double perianth, collected in flat umbel-shaped 6-8 ray inflorescences-panicles 5-8 cm in diameter, on a peduncle 2,5-5 cm long; all parts of the inflorescence are bare or with scattered very small glands; marginal flowers on pedicels 1-2 cm long, sterile, flat, white, 4-5 times larger than internal ones, 1-2,5 cm across, with five unequal obovate corolla lobes; median - bisexual, sessile or almost sessile, white or pinkish-white, short-bell-shaped, about 5 mm in diameter, with wide blunt lobes, 1,5 times longer than the tubule. Inflorescences are located at the tops of young branches. Stamens five, they are 1,5 times longer than the corolla, with yellow anthers. Pistil with a lower three-celled cylindrical ovary, with a very short conical style and a three-parted stigma. Blooms in late May - early June for 10-14 (15-25) days. Yellow pollen. Pollen grains are three-furrowed, spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. The length of the polar axis is 24,2-25,3 microns, the equatorial diameter is 19,8-25,3 microns. In outline from the pole they are rounded-three-lobed, from the equator they are rounded, less often elliptical. Furrows 4-5,5 µm wide, long, with smooth margins, with retracted pointed ends. The pores are rounded, with a diameter equal to the width of the furrows or somewhat wider. Membrane of furrows and pores is smooth or fine-grained. The thickness of the exine is 2,8–3 µm. The rods are thin, dense, with rounded heads, the length of the rods is 1,5-2 microns. Sculpture is reticulate, mesh cells are angular, often elongated, with a maximum diameter of 2–2,5 μm; near the furrows, the cells are reduced to 0,5–0,6 μm. Kalina is an insect pollinated plant. The function of attracting insects in the inflorescence is performed by marginal barren flowers. The main pollinators are beetles, as well as pollen-eating Diptera and Hymenoptera. The fruits are oval or spherical bright red drupes with a diameter of 8 to 10 mm, with a large (occupying most of the fruit) flattened, wide-heart-shaped, almost rounded stone 7-9 mm long, shortly pointed at the top, with a somewhat uneven surface. The weight of 1000 seeds is 21-46 g. The fruits are juicy, but have a bitter astringent taste, after the first frosts the bitterness disappears or becomes less. The fruits ripen in August-September. The shelf life of seeds is 24 months. Kalina is a zoochore, i.e. its fruits are dispersed by the birds that feed on them. The fruits remain on the branches until the deepest autumn. Dry fruits and seeds are carried by the wind. Found throughout Kazakhstan (isolated localities in Western and Northern Kazakhstan, Saur, Tarbagatai); in Central Asia (singly in the Dzungarian and Zailiyskiy Alatau and in the Chu-Ili mountains); in Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa; in the European part of Russia, except for the north and southeast, in the Caucasus and in the Crimea, in Western Siberia south of 61 ° north latitude, in Eastern Siberia (in the basins of the Yenisei and Angara rivers, in the southwestern Baikal region). Kalina is undemanding to conditions, easily tolerates drought and frost. Grows in the undergrowth of middle and southern taiga forests. In general, it is a photophilous plant, but tolerates some shading. It usually does not bear fruit in the shade. Mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph. All organs of viburnum vulgaris are rich in chemicals. The fruits of viburnum contain carbohydrates: sucrose, fructose, glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, arabinose, polysaccharides; pectin substances, organic acids: isovaleric and acetic (up to 3%); triterpenoids: oleonolic and hederagenic acids and their acetyl derivatives, ursolic acid; steroids, vitamin C (up to 0,09%) and carotene; phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives: chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, p-dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; tannins (up to 3%), catechins, flavonoids, sambucin; higher fatty acids: myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, ceratinic. The fruits are rich in potassium salts. The roots contain essential oil, triterpenoids, vitamin C and vitamin K. The branches contain essential oil, it contains salicin, tannins. The bark contains carbohydrates and related compounds: cellulose, pectin, resins (up to 6,5%), flobafen, phytosterol, myricyl alcohol; essential oil, it contains organic acids: valeric, formic, acetic, caprylic, caproic, linolenic; triterpenoids, iridoids 2,73-5,73%, saponins, alkaloids, vitamin C, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives: chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, caffeic, o-dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, lignin, tannins, catechin; coumarins: scopoletin, esculetin, scopoline, esculin; flavonoids, anthraquinones, viburnin glycoside, leukoanthocyanins; higher fatty acids: myristic, palmitic), stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotinic. Wood contains tannins. Leaves contain viopuridal, ursolic acid, iridoids, steroids, alkaloids, vitamin C; phenols and their derivatives: arbutin, furcatin, salicin, salicin esters; phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives: chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, caffeic, derivatives of o-dihydroxycinnamic acid; tannins, catechins; coumarins: scopoletin, esculetin, scopoline, esculin; flavonoids: astragalin, 3-galactoside, 3-rhamnoside and 3,7-diglucoside of quercetin, 3-glucoside and 3,7-diglucoside of kaempferol; anthocyanins: 3-glucoside, 3-arabinosylsambubioside cyanidin, peonidine; higher fatty acids: myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotinic. The flowers contain ursolic acid, flavonoids: astragalin, peonoside, 3-glucoside, 3-rhamnoside and 3,7-diglucoside of quercetin, kaempferol, 3-glucoside and 3,7 diglucoside of kepferol. Seeds contain fatty oil (20%), higher fatty acids: myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic. The fruits are edible, have a peculiar aromatic bouquet and a bitter aftertaste, which disappears after frost. Berries are used to make juices, liqueurs, tinctures, wines, jelly, extracts that have a sharp sour taste. They are also used to prepare stuffing for pies, seasonings for meat dishes. Due to the high content of pectins, the fruits are used to make marmalade. Vinegar is made from juice. The seeds have a tonic effect and are sometimes used as a coffee substitute.
Viburnum ordinary, Viburnum opulus L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use.
Honeysuckle family - Caprijoliaceae. Shrub 150-400 cm high with grayish-brown bark. The leaves are opposite, broadly ovate or rounded, 5-10 cm long, dark green above, grayish green below, three- or five-lobed, with a rounded wedge-shaped, shallow heart-shaped base; lobes unevenly dentate, petioles 4-5 times shorter than blades. The flowers are white or white-pink, marginal large, barren; median - fertile, on very short pedicels, small. Inflorescences are located on the tops of young branches, flat, umbrella-shaped. The fruit is an oval or spherical red drupe with a large flattened stone. Blooms in May - July. The fruits ripen in August - September. It grows in clearings, along the banks of rivers, lakes, swamps. It is undemanding to conditions, easily tolerates droughts and frosts, however, it is most common in the temperate climate of Europe and Asia. The bark contains viburnin glycoside, tannins, up to 6,5% resins, flobafen, myricyl alcohol, organic acids (valeric, formic, acetic, butyric, caprylic, linolenic, cerotinic). The fruits contain sugars, pectin and tannins, organic acids, up to 0,09% ascorbic acid, seeds - up to 20% fatty oil. The fruits can be kept fresh for a long time. After freezing, they lose their bitter taste, and they are used to make juices, liqueurs, tinctures, wines, kissels, and extracts that have a sharp sour taste. Liqueurs and culinary products made from viburnum have a delicate peculiar aromatic bouquet. Due to the high content of pectins, the fruits are used to make marmalade. They are also used to prepare stuffing for pies, seasonings for meat dishes. Vinegar is made from juice. The seeds have a tonic effect and are sometimes used as a coffee substitute.
In medicine, the bark of trunks and branches was used orally for various bleeding, especially in gynecology, as an antispasmodic and sedative, for hypertension; externally - to stop parenchymal bleeding. Preparations from the bark (with the addition of flowers and fruits) were used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of foot and mouth disease in cattle. Fruits increase heart contractions, are a weak diuretic; due to the high content of ascorbic acid, they are used as a vitamin remedy. Essence from the fresh bark is used in homeopathy. Viburnum vulgaris was widely used in folk medicine in various countries: the bark - inside with bronchitis, tracheitis, allergies, as a hemostatic agent for nasal and uterine bleeding, and malaria; externally - with diathesis, eczema, sweating, skin tuberculosis. The seeds are used for dyspepsia and as a diaphoretic; flowers, berries and leaves - for rashes, tonsillitis and for washing wounds; fruits - for bronchitis, shortness of breath, sclerosis, boils, eczema, as a wound healing, for pulmonary tuberculosis; fruits with honey - as an antitussive for colds, hypertension, heart disease, liver, jaundice; fruit juice - with gastric ulcer, edema, hypoacid gastritis, as an appetite enhancer and astringent. Fresh fruit juice was used in the past to remove freckles and blackheads, to whiten the skin. The fruits give red, the bark - black-green dye for wool. Honey plant. Kalina is very decorative both during the flowering period and when the fruits ripen. It is valued in reclamation plantations as a soil-protective plant. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Common viburnum, Viburnum opulus L. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Synonyms: Kalinina, snowballs. Shrub 1,5-4 m high with brownish-gray bark, honeysuckle family (Carrifoliaceae). The leaves are opposite, three- and five-lobed. Inflorescences are white. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are red, spherical. Range and habitats. It is found everywhere in Europe, in the Caucasus and in the Crimea, in Kazakhstan, Central Asia (singly in the Dzungarian and Zailiysky Alatau and in the Chu-Ili mountains); in Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa. Light-loving plant, but tolerates some shading. Widely bred in gardens and parks as an ornamental shrub. Chemical composition. Viburnum bark contains viburnin glycoside, tannins, as well as up to 6,5% resin, the composition of the saponifiable part of which includes organic acids: formic, acetic, isovaleric, capric, caprylic, butyric, linoleic, cerotinic, palmitic, the composition of the unsaponifiable - phytosterolin, phytosterol. Fruits contain up to 32% invert sugar, tannins, isovaleric and acetic acids, ascorbic acid. The seeds contain up to 21% fatty oil. Viburnum fruits contain ascorbic acid. The collected bark is dried in the open air under a canopy or in dryers at a temperature of 40-45 ° C. Dried raw materials are tubular, grooved or flat pieces of wrinkled bark, brownish-gray-green and greenish-gray, odorless, astringent taste; moisture content not more than 14%. Pieces of darkened no more than 5%, pieces of bark with wood residues no more than 2%. Application in medicine. The bark of common viburnum enhances the tone of the muscles of the uterus and has a vasoconstrictive effect associated with the glycoside viburnin, located in the bark of the plant. The fruits of viburnum increase the contraction of the heart and increase diuresis. Viburnum bark preparations are used as a hemostatic agent in the postpartum period, with uterine bleeding due to gynecological diseases, with painful and heavy menstruation, and with hemorrhoids. Viburnum berries are used as a vitamin-bearing, tonic and mild diuretic. In practical medicine, the bark is used: in the form of a decoction, extract - as a hemostatic agent for metro- and menorrhagia, algodysmenorrhea, subinvolution of the myometrium in the postpartum period, in the menopause, as well as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent for hemorrhoids, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; in the form of an infusion - as a hypotensive and sedative for neurosis, hysteria, epilepsy, hypertension; externally - with catarrhal gingivostomatitis, periodontal disease; as part of fees - in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; in the form of irrigation, drops, inhalations - for chronic catarrhal or acute rhinitis, for the prevention of acute tonsillitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis. Long-term use of viburnum bark preparations lowers cholesterol in the blood and is indicated for hypertension, atherosclerosis. In homeopathy, the essence of the bark is used for algomenorrhea and as an antispasmodic. Fresh fruits and infusion of fruits are used as a tonic, diaphoretic, laxative; with edema of cardiac and renal origin, hypertension, neurosis, antacid gastritis, colitis, liver disease, dermatitis; extract has a healing effect. Fruits in the form of a collection are used as a vitamin remedy, as well as an intensifying contraction of the heart muscle, diuretic and diaphoretic. In folk medicine, all parts of viburnum are widely used. A decoction of the bark reduces and stops various internal bleeding, especially uterine, increases the tone of the uterus, constricts blood vessels and has antispasmodic, anticonvulsant and sedative effects. In everyday life, berries are used fresh and dried as a mild laxative and diaphoretic. Viburnum bark extract liquid (Extractum Viburni fluidum). Prepared from coarse powder of viburnum bark in 70% alcohol in the ratio of raw materials to the extractor 1:1. Contains alkaloids. Assign inside 20-40 drops 2-3 times a day, taken before meals (for hemorrhoids). A decoction of the bark of viburnum. Prepared from a briquette of viburnum G g), which is poured with a glass of boiling water, boiled for 30 minutes, filtered, taken 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. Infusion of viburnum berries. Viburnum berries are ground in a mortar, gradually poured with boiling water at the rate of 1-2 tablespoons of berries per glass of boiling water. Insist for 4 hours. The resulting infusion is drunk during the day C-4 cups). Rep.: Extr. Viburni fluidi 25,0 DS 25-30 drops 3 times a day Rp.: Extr. Viburni fluidi 2,0 Cerae flavae 1,0 Butyri Cacao 4,0 Mf Suppositorium DtdN 6 DS 1 suppository 2-3 times a day (for bleeding hemorrhoids. Other uses. The fruits give a red dye, the bark - a black-green dye for wool, the leaves stain fabrics in various tones by mordant. For a month and a half (starting in June) it gives nectar and pollen to honey bees. The productivity of nectar is 15 kg/ha. It is valued in reclamation plantations as a soil-protective plant. The fruits have a peculiar aromatic bouquet and a bitter aftertaste, which disappears after frost. Berries are used to make juices, liqueurs, tinctures, wines, jelly, extracts that have a sharp sour taste. They are also used to prepare stuffing for pies, seasonings for meat dishes. Due to the high content of pectins, the fruits are used to make marmalade. Vinegar is made from the juice of viburnum fruits. The seeds have a tonic effect and are sometimes used as a coffee substitute. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Common viburnum, Viburnum opulus L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Kalina is a large tree-like shrub from the honeysuckle family, 2-3 m high. In May-June, it is covered with many milky-white flowers (corymbose inflorescences) with a delicate pinkish tinge, and in August-September - with bright red tassels of berries. The bark is brownish gray. Leaves three-lobed, opposite. Berries of irregular spherical shape, with a flattened core-stone. The taste of berries is tart, bitter. After frost, the bitter taste disappears. Viburnum grows along the banks of rivers, lakes and swamps, on the edges of forests and in water meadows. Kalina is not demanding on the soil, easily takes root in a new place, cleans the air well from dust, releases phytoncides. Viburnum bark has medicinal value. It is harvested in early spring and air dried. Ripe berries contain up to 32% invert sugar, up to 3% tannins, up to 82 mg% vitamin C, manganese (0,2 mg%), zinc (0,6 mg%), pectin, carotene, vitamin P and organic acids (acetic, formic, isovaleric, caprylic). The nutritional value of viburnum is determined by the high content of vitamin C. Jam, compotes, kissels, jelly, stuffing for pies, fruit drinks and other drinks are made from viburnum. Viburnum juice is used to color foods. Kalina deserves the closest attention from amateur gardeners, it should be cultivated more widely in our gardens and parks. This will make it possible not only to decorate our cities and villages, but also to enrich our diets. You can store viburnum berries both in rural and urban conditions. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red), Viburnum opulus. Useful information about the plant
Family Honeysuckle, masses Dicotyledonous, department Angiosperms. Kalina grows in forests, on the edges, in ravines; This is a small shrub, the height of the shoots is from 1,5 to 3 m. On the branches are beautiful, similar to maple three-lobed leaves with petioles, with large teeth, pubescent below. Viburnum blooms in May - June. The flowers are collected in a flat corymbose inflorescence. The calyx and corolla are five-parted, the stamens are 5, the pistil is 1. The fruits are bright red drupes. Lives up to 50 years. Viburnum ordinary, or red, is a beautiful spreading shrub, most often grows on the edges of the forest. The plant is photophilous: it can grow in shading, but viburnum is not capable of blooming and bearing fruit with a lack of light. On the leaves of viburnum, a special varnish-like substance may appear that absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. This substance is secreted by cells located on the teeth of the leaves. The inflorescence consists of flowers of two types: larger white flowers are located along the edges of the inflorescence; in the center - small, greenish. The latter contain nectar, which is easily obtained by insects with short proboscises - flies and beetles. After pollination, fruits begin to develop, which are usually called berries. "Berries" remain dense and hard for a long time, until frost. After frost, the fruits become sweetish, but retain a peculiar flavor. "Berries" of viburnum are harvested in dried form and are used not only as a remedy, but also as a filling for pies and other culinary products. Kalina has medicinal, nutritional and decorative value. Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.
Viburnum ordinary. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Shrub or tree up to 5 m high of the honeysuckle family. Viburnum ordinary is bred as an ornamental plant. The fruits of viburnum are rich in pectin, contain sugars, organic acids, tannins, carotene, vitamins P and C (there is more vitamin C in it than in citrus fruits). The seeds contain up to 21% fatty oils. The fruits are consumed fresh, as well as for compotes, jelly, jelly, marmalade, marshmallows, liqueurs, as a side dish and filling for pies. The juice is used to color foodstuffs, and is also used to prepare Palanga tincture and Kalinka low-alcohol drink. The first information about the medicinal value of viburnum is found in the herbalists of the XNUMXth century. Vitamin tea from the fruit has a tonic and soothing effect. Viburnum berries improve heart function, have a diuretic effect. They are useful for neuroses, vascular spasms and hypertension. Viburnum bark, collected in early spring, dried and powdered, is used as a hemostatic agent (mainly for uterine bleeding and painful menstruation). Most often it is prescribed in the form of a liquid extract, less often - decoctions. In folk medicine, juice and decoction of berries with honey was recommended as an antitussive and astringent, for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, for colitis, hemorrhoids, internal and nasal bleeding. Outwardly, 10-20% solutions of fruit juice were used for skin diseases, acne and ulcers. The juice was used as a sedative for bronchial asthma and hypertension. A decoction of the roots was used as a remedy for scrofula (allergies), hysteria, insomnia, suffocation, a decoction of flowers - to improve digestion, as an astringent for diarrhea, as well as an expectorant and diaphoretic. In veterinary medicine, decoctions of the bark were used to treat respiratory diseases in animals.
Viburnum ordinary. reference Information
Common viburnum most often grows in shrubs along the banks of rivers and lakes, in floodplains. In autumn, the viburnum leaves turn red, orange-red fruits stand out, decorating the edges and banks. The fruits taste bitter-sour, sweetish. In frozen berries, bitterness decreases. The smell of fresh fruits is reminiscent of fresh apples and valerian at the same time. The fruits are used to obtain juices, jelly, extracts, filling pies. In Ukraine, pumpkin is taken in late autumn, finely cut and stewed together with viburnum fruits. The resulting mixture is stirred, sugar, vanilla are added and an excellent filling for hearth pies is obtained. Kalina is well preserved throughout the winter. The brushes are tied into bundles and hung in attics or barns, where they hang until spring. From viburnum it turns out an excellent liqueur, tincture with a peculiar and pleasant smell. Winemakers point out that viburnum liqueur is characterized by an exquisite and original bouquet. When canning take 30-40% sugar by weight of the fruit. Viburnum juice with honey is used in the treatment of fevers, catarrhal bronchitis. Pure juice improves appetite, normalizes the activity of the stomach. Fresh juice used to remove freckles, whiten the skin with a strong tan. To do this, fresh juice and sour cream were taken equally, applied in a thin layer on the skin of the face, kept for a while and then washed off with warm water and smeared with melted butter. Viburnum fruits contain pectin and tannins, sugars, proteins, valeric and acetic acids, vitamin C. Viburnum fruit juice is frozen and used for active massage. After 8-10 procedures, the face becomes clean and white, age spots disappear, freckles fade, wrinkles are smoothed out. Due to the significant content of pectin and tannins, the skin becomes dense, as if tightened, pores are reduced and blackheads are removed. Vitamins stimulate blood circulation and skin nutrition, tone the subcutaneous muscles. The fruits of viburnum are valuable because they are able to persist until spring. Previously, viburnum brushes were tied into bundles and stored under sheds, in attics all winter, using as needed. Napar is prepared from viburnum flowers, which is used as a refreshing lotion or frozen for massage. Viburnum flowers are harvested during the flowering period, they try to dry faster in the shade and store them in tightly closed wooden boxes. The juice of fresh viburnum berries has long been used to remove freckles, acne and pimples. A decoction of the bark of viburnum is used against sweating of the feet and hands. Author: Reva M.L.
Kalina. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking
Twice a year, viburnum is brighter than its partners - at the opening of summer and in late autumn. Indeed, at the beginning of June, who indifferently passes by a viburnum bush, dismantled with boiled white patterns and fragrant, fragrant. As if a wedding veil covered luxurious curls - this is how viburnum looks with flowers and leaves. And as the petals fall and the grains of fruit are tied, the cute bush will completely become unpretentious, ordinary. Unless his green dress is more noticeable - large, three-lobed leaves with notches along the edges give viburnum corpulence and splendor. Summer ripens, berries grow, grow fat. When autumn celebrates its housewarming, they will fill with tart, bitter juice and, moreover, will blush, as if they are red-hot on the last hot days. The green bush is stained with red tassels, as if wearing a multi-colored sundress. But in such an outfit, he is not yet the brightest in the forest: in similar sundresses there are mountain ash, hawthorn, barberry, elderberry. And only leaf fall will reveal whose branches are prettier. With the complete defeat of the foliage, one viburnum turns out to be even more beautiful. Heavy, juicy brushes, lacquered with elastic skin, highlight the bush, make it a living gem. The thinning jasper leaf, flying off, releases the cinnabar colors of the berries, providing them with a full play of light and shadow. Meanwhile, like all other bright berries, the foliage takes with it a significant part of the beauty. "Viburnum praised herself that she was good with honey" - the proverb says. And what kind of viburnum can you resist without honey, if its berries are so sour and bitter that they drive your mouth? However, if you get used to it ... You will like it and become just a delicacy of frozen viburnum. The brushes will be in the cold for a week or two, they will vegetate, wither so that the excess bitterness will go away and even become sweeter. That's when to remove it from the bushes or from the poles, where they saved it before the deadline! Eat now - if you want fresh, a couple of handfuls will not hurt, if you want steamed like porridge or in Kalinnik pies. Grandmother used to put a pinch of viburnum in rye dough, wrap it with a pie, straighten it, then swaddle it with a dry cabbage leaf - and onto a baking sheet. And there are already a dozen such pies. Put a baking sheet in the oven for a free spirit, let them sweat and fry. And how it pulls bread, how it smells of delicacy - open the damper, take out ready-made kalinniks. The cabbage leaf will shake off, and here it is, a pie, with sourness, with sweetness, with a forest scent! They stuff with viburnum and cheesecakes, for this the berries are steamed and slightly flavored with sugar. From wild grouse forest and marmalade, and marshmallow, and jelly - excellent in all dishes. Craftsmen of berry blanks pour viburnum with sugar syrup. The fruits are carefully sorted out, washed, placed in prepared hot glass jars, and then poured with strong sugar syrup. Half-liter jars are kept in boiling water for a quarter of an hour. Tasty and healthy viburnum mashed with sugar. Its piquant smell and bitterness will be appreciated in winter with special zeal. But there is a delicacy that is held in high esteem not only by lovers. Its name is viburnum in sugar. In this product, each ruddy berry is a candy. Covered with a crust of powdered sugar, it looks very attractive - a pure sugar ball. You put it in your mouth - it melts, you bite it - it will give you a refreshing sourness. No matter how much you eat, everything seems small. Both old and young love viburnum in sugar, eat and praise. Before rolling the berries in powder, they are moistened, and only then they are turned in a dense bowl. Such sweets are stored for a long time. Kalina is an ancient medicinal plant. Frozen fresh berries help with stomach ulcers, colitis and other stomach ailments. The forest savage is also useful for those who need a tonic, vitamin remedy. In winter, the viburnum is stored in the snow: the brushes are put in a box, which is then buried in a snowdrift. The berry will not deteriorate either in the glacier, or simply in an unheated room. Essentially, all organs have useful properties in viburnum. For example, an infusion of its flowers is taken against rashes and scrofula, and a decoction of the roots is taken against colds and suffocation. But the most healing part of the tree is the bark. It contains an extensive set of organic acids, as well as the glycoside viburin, tannins and resins. Pharmacies prepare the bark only with the permission of the forester and only in those places where there is an abundance of viburnum thickets. Moreover, the bark is removed not on the ring, but in strips so that the shoots do not die. Do it at the time of sap flow. Dried bark becomes wrinkled and rarely remains smooth. The color of its surface is grayish with noticeable lenticels. The smell of harvested raw materials is weak, it tastes bitter and astringent. Drying is carried out in the open air in the shade. Preparations from the bark of viburnum, thanks to viburin, have a hemostatic effect, which is why they are used by doctors against internal bleeding. Traditional medicine has used viburnum bark as a remedy for nervous disorders and insomnia. Veterinarians use it to treat the respiratory system in cows and goats. The world flora includes up to 200 species of viburnum. The most famous and most common is the common viburnum, a large, sprawling shrub. Viburnum is a close relative of honeysuckle, and, like honeysuckle, it grows into a fairly large shrub. Individuals up to five meters in height come across, and this is not at all small for a shrub. The living trunk is covered with a greenish-gray bark that turns brown with age. The leaves are located oppositely on the branches, each plate is cut into three or even five lobes. Large teeth are visible along the edges of the blades. The surface of the leaves from above seems bare, but below it is clearly covered with fluff. In summer, the clothes of the branches are green, in the beginning of autumn they are yellow, and when serious matinees burn, the foliage turns purple. In leaf fall, a round bush turns out to be with bright fruits and bright leaves. Don't bush the picture! In addition to the common viburnum, gorodina is also known. This type of viburnum has shiny black fruits that ripen in early autumn. The leaves of the gorodina are also opposite, but in shape not in the form of tridents, but oval; from below tightened with gray felt. The fruits are edible, but they are rarely taken, since the gorodina grows in the Caucasus, in the Crimea and Western Ukraine, where in autumn there is already an extensive selection of berries. The inhabitants of Primorye are well acquainted with viburnum Bureinskaya. Its fruits, like those of the city, are black. Leaves with a serrated edge, pubescent only along the lower veins. Another interesting viburnum is forked. Grows on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Wright's viburnum comes across there, with bright red, juicy berries. The fruits of all these viburnums are harvested at the time of full maturity, preferably even after freezing. The brushes are cut with a knife and placed in baskets. At home, they are hung in bunches in the attic or dried in the oven. Dry brushes are crushed, separating the berries from the stalks. Dried berries with sunken barrels, wrinkled, but the surface of their skin remains shiny, like fresh fruits. The smell of the product is weak, the taste is bitter-sour. If you chew such a berry, there will be a flat bone inside it. Interestingly, in terms of vitamin content, our Kalinushka surpasses even exotic lemon. Viburnum bears fruit very abundantly, and every year. Why, the last winter was harsh, but it did not break the fruit buds of the glorious Kalinushka. But not only horticultural crops - apple trees, gooseberries, cherries - became very cold; even forest dwellers, such as oak, rowan and blackthorn, were noticeably affected. There is no harvest anywhere after such a winter, one viburnum is overloaded with heavy tassels. That will be something to feed the birds! And part of the harvest will by itself go as a reward to lovers of forest gifts. Help yourself, gourmets, but do not forget about the living bushes, placed by nature under your protection. The beekeepers also say their thanks to viburnum, whose hives become noticeably heavier at the time of flowering of this shrub. By the way, decorative viburnum - a snow globe (scientific nickname - bulldenezh), although it blooms thickly, does not set fruits, does not treat bees with nectar and pollen. Therefore, such a viburnum is bred only in parks and city gardens, where it is needed simply as a decoration. But the original inhabitant of the Russian forest is notable for its beauty and considerable benefits. For example, its wood - hard and viscous - was once used for shoe nails. The viburnum nail almost competed with the copper hairpin. And one more good property of an ordinary viburnum is that it easily gets used to the urban environment. Factory and factory yards may well "invite" the forest savage. It’s okay that there will be a lot of shade there, as long as there is moisture: viburnum does not tolerate lack of water. She seems to be growing by the stream. This means that in a new place it will require similar conditions. In the garden, viburnum is excellent as a green protection - planted along the edges of the site. Bred with shoots, layering, dividing the bush and green cuttings. Author: Strizhev A.N.
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red, buldonezh), Viburnum opulus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Viburnum ordinary (viburnum red, buldonezh), Viburnum opulus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Viburnum opulus (Viburnum opulus) is a shrub that can reach a height of up to 4 meters. It has beautiful white or pink flowers and bright red berries that can be used in cooking and for medicinal purposes. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing viburnum vulgaris: Cultivation:
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Viburnum vulgaris is a useful and beautiful plant that can be used in cooking and for medicinal purposes.
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